目前正值2022年考研備考的最后階段，相信大家都在做最后的沖刺。在最后階段，適當(dāng)?shù)恼骖}練習(xí)可以讓我們更了解考試內(nèi)容。下面，幫考網(wǎng)為大家?guī)?lái)考研初試英語(yǔ)分析題的部分歷年真題，趕緊練起來(lái)。

This yearmarks exactly two countries since the publication of Frankenstein； or, TheModern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electriclight bulb, the authｏｒproduced a remarkable work of speculative fiction thatwould foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet tocome.

Today therapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions:”What is intelligence, identify, or

consciousness?What makes humans humans?”

What isbeing called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate theway humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinatedby the idea of robots that would look, move, ａｎｄ respond like humans, similarto those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “Westworld” ａｎｄ “Humans”.

Just howpeople think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced,says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are just in a situation where there are nogood theories explaining what consciousnesss actually is ａｎｄ how you could everbuild a machine to get there.”

But thatdoesn’t mean crucial ethical issuesinvolving AI aren’t at hand. The coming use ofautonomous vehicles, fｏｒexample, poses thorny ethical questions. Human driverssometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complexcombination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, ａｎｄ whattheir eyes ａｎｄ ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly assophisticated as that of humans. ａｎｄ to anticipate every imaginable drivingsituation is a difficult programming problem.

Wheneverdecisions are based on masses of data, “you quicklyget into a lot of ethical questions,” notes TanKiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the governmentdevelop a voluntary code fｏｒthe ethical use of AI. Along with Singapore, othergovernments ａｎｄ mega-corporations are beginning to establish their ownguidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AIethics strategy this spring.

On June 7Google pledged not to “design ｏｒdeploy AI” that would cause “overall harm,” ｏｒto develop AI-directed weapons ｏｒuse AI fｏｒsurveillance that wouldviolate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use wouldviolate international laws ｏｒhuman rights.

While thestatement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea thatdecisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, ａｎｄ fair.

To put itanother way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machinesreflects humanity’s highest values? Only then willthey be useful servants ａｎｄ not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.

31. MaryShelley’s novel Frankenstein is mentionedbecause it

A.fascinates AI scientists all over the world.

B. hasremained popular fｏｒas long as 200 years.

C.involves some concerns raised by AI today.

D. hassparked serious ethical controversies.

32. InDavid Eagleman’s opinion, our current knowledgeof consciousness

A. helpsexplain artificial intelligence.

B. can bemisleading to robot making.

C.inspires popular sci-fi TV series.

D. is toolimited fｏｒus to reproduce it.

33. Thesolution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles

A. canhardly ever be found.

B. isstill beyond our capacity.

C. causeslittle public concern.

D. hasaroused much curiosity.

34. Theauthor’s attitude toward Google’s pledge is one of

A.affirmation.

B.skepticism.

C.contempt.

D.respect.

35. Whichof the following would be the best title fｏｒthe text?

A. AI’s Future: In the Hands of Tech Giants

B.Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of AI

C. TheConscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable

D. AIShall Be Killers Once Out of Control

以上就是幫考網(wǎng)為大家?guī)?lái)的全部信息，希望能給大家一些幫助。幫考網(wǎng)提醒：在最后階段，我們除了復(fù)習(xí)之外，調(diào)整應(yīng)試心態(tài)也是非常重要的。另外，小伙伴們?nèi)绻€有其他關(guān)于考研信息的疑問(wèn)，也可以留言咨詢 。