2022年考研初試時間已經(jīng)確定，相信各位小伙伴也將進(jìn)行更為緊張的復(fù)習(xí)。在最后階段，除了教材復(fù)習(xí)之外，適當(dāng)?shù)脑囶}練習(xí)也是非常重要的。下面，幫考網(wǎng)為大家?guī)砜佳谐踉囉⒄Z科目部分歷年真題，一起來看一看。

&emsp；Directions:

&emsp；&emsp；Read the following text carefullyａｎｄ then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translationshould be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

&emsp；&emsp；It was only after I started towrite a weekly column about the medical journals, ａｎｄ began to read scientificpapers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medicalliterature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper:the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kiloof broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less tosuffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of thiskind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcastersａｎｄ the lay press, generates both health scares ａｎｄ short-lived dietaryenthusiasms.

&emsp；&emsp；Why is so much bad sciencepublished? A recent paper, titled “The Naturalｓｅｌｅｃｔion of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answerthis intriguing ａｎｄ important question. It says that the problem is not merelythat people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancementpositively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication,which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationaryprocess at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying fｏｒa research post has to havepublished twice the number of papers that would have been required fｏｒthe samepost only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number.

&emsp；&emsp；(48) Attempts have been made tocurb this tendency, fｏｒexample, by trying to incorporate some measure ofquality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index,that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in thescientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will becited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if itwere not fｏｒthe fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves intheir future publications, ｏｒget associates to do so fｏｒthem in return forsimilar favours.

&emsp；&emsp；Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number ofpublications ｏｒjournal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energyａｎｄ ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitativemetrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we areserious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful ａｎｄ reproducible, wemust ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.

以上就是幫考網(wǎng)為大家?guī)淼娜啃畔?，希望能給大家一些幫助。幫考網(wǎng)提醒：在最后階段，我們除了復(fù)習(xí)之外，調(diào)整應(yīng)試心態(tài)也是非常重要的。另外，小伙伴們?nèi)绻€有其他關(guān)于考研信息的疑問，也可以留言咨詢。