- 閱讀理解A
題干：Theadage"likeakidatheart"maybetruerthanwethink,sinceanewresearchisshowingthatgrown-upsaremoreimmaturethanever.Specifically,itseemsagrowingnumberofpeopleareretainingthebehaviorsandattitudesassociatedwithyouth.Asaconsequence,manyolderpeoplesimplyneverachievementaladulthood,accordingtoaleadingexpertonevolutionarypsychiatry.Amongscientists,thephenomenoniscalledpsychologicalneoteny.Thetheory’screatorisBruceCharlton,aprofessorintheSchoolofBiologyattheUniversityofNewcastleuponTyne,England.Charltonexplainedthathumanshaveaninherentattractiontophysicalyouth,sinceitcanbeasignoffertility,healthandvitality.Inthemid-20thcentury,however,anotherforcekickedin,duetoincreasingneedforindividualstochangejobs,learnnewskills,movetonewplacesandmakenewfriends.Achild-likeflexibilityofattitudes,behaviorsandknowledgeisprobablyadaptivetotheincreasedinstabilityofthemodernworld.Formaleducationnowextendswellpastphysicalmaturity,leavingstudentswithmindsthatare,hesaid,“unfinished”.Whenformaleducationcontinuesintotheearlytwenties,itprobably,toanextent,counteractstheattainmentofpsychologicalmaturity,whichwouldotherwiseoccurataboutthisage.Charltonpointedoutthepastculturesoftenmarkedtheadventofadulthoodwithinitiationceremonies.Whilethehumanmindrespondstonewinformationoverthecourseofanyindividual’slifetime,Charltonarguesthatpastphysicalenvironmentsweremorestableandallowedforastateofpsychologicalmaturity.Inhunter-gatherersocieties,thatmaturitywasprobablyachievedduringaperson’slateteensorearlytwenties.Bycontrast,manymodernadultsfailtoattainthismaturity,andsuchfailureiscommonandindeedcharacteristicofhighlyeducatedand,onthewhole,effectiveandsociallyvaluablepeople.Peoplesuchasacademics,teachers,scientistsandmanyotherprofessionalsareoftenstrikinglyimmatureoutsideoftheirstrictlyspecialistcompetenceinthesenseofbeingunpredictable,unbalancedinpriorities,andtendingtooverreact.Charltonaddedthatsincemodernculturesnowfavorcognitiveflexibility,“immature”peopletendtothriveandsucceed,andhavesetthetonenotonlyforcontemporarylife,butalsoforthefuture,whenitispossiblethatourgenesmayevenchangeasaresultofthepsychologicalshift.Thefaultsofyouthareretainedalongwiththevirtues,hebelieves.Theseincludeshortattentionspan,sensationandnovelty-seeking,shortcyclesofarbitraryfashionandasenseofculturalshallowness.Atleastyouthfulnessisnolongerrestrictedtoyouth,hesaid,duetooverallimprovementsinfoodandhealthcare,alongwithcosmetictechnologies.DavidBrooks,asocialcommentatorandacolumnistatTheNewYorkTimes,hasdocumentedasomewhatrelatedphenomenonconcerningthecurrentblurringofthebourgeoisworldofcapitalismandthebohemiancounterculture,whichCharltonbelievesisaversionofpsychologicalneoteny.Brooksbelievessuchindividualshavelostthewisdomandmaturityoftheirbourgeoispredecessorsduetomoreemphasisplacedonexpertise,flexibilityandvitality.
題目： Which of the following is the main force to cause the later attainment of psychological maturity?（） - A 、The change in human physical constitution
- B 、The demand to accommodate to the changed world
- C 、The natural desire to stay young and vigorous
- D 、The extension of formal education
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參考答案【正確答案：B】
本題通過依次而下定位在第二段。解題關(guān)鍵是要注意題干的核心概念“主要因素”，第二段第二句提及C的內(nèi)容，但是轉(zhuǎn)折詞however的出現(xiàn)，表明不是主要因素。第二段第三句提到：社會不穩(wěn)定使得人們必須不斷更新自己的知識，結(jié)果是正式教育階段的延長，造成人心理發(fā)育成熟的滯后，因此B正確，D選項(xiàng)也是B選項(xiàng)帶來的一個結(jié)果。
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