- 閱讀理解A
題干：Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe.Suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissistic(自我陶醉的)personalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwellbeing,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inhisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLaschsaysthatmodernman,“torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor”.Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitarian(極權(quán)主義的)societies,ourcultureisoneofgreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheory.Butthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversity,butjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avision—aboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolation,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness.Inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.
題目： Homer's epics mentioned in Paragraph 1 exemplify the fact that（）. - A 、the present is varying too fast to be caught up easily
- B 、the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictable
- C 、the past can help to shape a consensus in the present
- D 、the present determines social moralities for later generations
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參考答案【正確答案：C】
該段A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer’s epics (史詩(shī)) informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies. 因此對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的共識(shí)只能從對(duì)過(guò)去共同認(rèn)識(shí)中產(chǎn)生，就像人們?cè)趲讉€(gè)世紀(jì)后才認(rèn)識(shí)到荷馬的詩(shī)史對(duì)希臘人的影響一樣，很久才能意識(shí)到社會(huì)生活應(yīng)該如何組織，理想和信念應(yīng)該如何實(shí)現(xiàn)。以as (像……一樣)引入Homer’s epics (荷馬史詩(shī))就是要舉例證明其主句的說(shuō)法。據(jù)此，C項(xiàng)可取。其余3項(xiàng)不合句意。
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