- 閱讀理解A
題干：Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe.Suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissistic(自我陶醉的)personalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwellbeing,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inhisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLaschsaysthatmodernman,“torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor”.Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitarian(極權(quán)主義的)societies,ourcultureisoneofgreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheory.Butthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversity,butjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avision—aboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolation,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness.Inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.
題目： The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans（）. - A 、to bring about the uniformity of their culture
- B 、to diminish their great individual differences
- C 、to avoid the sense of being isolated and anxious
- D 、to regain the feelings of social values and morale
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參考答案【正確答案：C】
第4段談到myth (story handed down from old times, esp. concepts or beliefs about the early history of a race, etc. 神話——即由古相傳的故事，尤指有關(guān)一個(gè)民族早期歷史的觀念或信仰等)。第5段說(shuō)，這些myths有助于ward off(=avoid 避免)隔絕、內(nèi)疚、焦慮和失落感。由此可知，C項(xiàng)確切表達(dá)了此意，為正確答案。
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