2019年MBA考試《英語(yǔ)》考試共48題，分為英譯漢和寫(xiě)作和完形填空和閱讀理解A和閱讀理解B。小編為您整理第六章 短文翻譯5道練習(xí)題，附答案解析，供您備考練習(xí)。

1、

    An Asian engineer is assigned to a U.S. laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown. A U.S. executive tells his staff he's going to treat them fairly—and creates dissension. A Japanese manager is promoted by his American president, but within six months asks for a transfer. Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management. 

    "Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they're finally looking at culture", says Clifford Clarke, founder and president of the California-based IRI International Inc. "Never show the shoe to an Arab, never arrive in time for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, don't think ‘yes' means ‘yes'," advise U.S. consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Brown Griggs, who have produced a series of films and a book to help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social "do's" and "don'ts" is not the answer, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous.

答案解析:       一個(gè)亞洲工程師被派到美國(guó)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室后精神幾乎崩潰。一個(gè)美國(guó)經(jīng)理告訴他的員工自己將公平對(duì)待他們，而這卻導(dǎo)致了沖突。一個(gè)日本經(jīng)理獲得了美國(guó)總裁的提升，但不到六個(gè)月就要求調(diào)任。這些實(shí)際生活中的例子涉及到了那些被認(rèn)為是高級(jí)雇員的人，這些人沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好去處理跨文化管理中的復(fù)雜性及危險(xiǎn)性。
       總部位于加利福尼亞的IRI國(guó)際公司創(chuàng)始人兼總裁Clifford Clarke指出，國(guó)際化公司已研究了其他方面，現(xiàn)在他們終于開(kāi)始正視文化方面了。美國(guó)顧問(wèn)Lennie Copland和Lewis Brown Griggs建議：決不要向阿拉伯人展示鞋，在巴西參加聚會(huì)決不要按時(shí)到，在日本不要認(rèn)為yes就是同意。這些顧問(wèn)拍攝了一系列短片，并寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)以幫助經(jīng)理們提高他們的國(guó)際化經(jīng)營(yíng)管理技能。據(jù)新文化專家說(shuō)，僅僅學(xué)習(xí)社交場(chǎng)合中“應(yīng)該做什么”和“不應(yīng)該做什么”不是解決之道。他們指出忽視不同的思維方式，懲罰后果會(huì)很?chē)?yán)重。

2、

   Think this way, it’s your inability to resist cheesecake that’s making it tough to fit into your skinny jeans? Well, a new study shows your bacteria may share some of the blame. 

    Because the new study in mice reveals that the response of intestinal microbes to a high-fat diet ends up triggering the release of a hormone that makes mammals feel hungry, causing them to eat even more. The finding is served up in the journal Nature.

    Previous work has shown that the types of bacteria in the gut in diabetic or obese individuals are different from the bacteria in healthy people. But does this bacterial makeup contribute to these disorders? Or is it just a side effect?

    To unravel this mystery, researchers put mice on a high-fat diet. As a result, the animals experienced a buildup of a chemical called acetate (醋酸鹽), particularly in the large intestine(腸).

答案解析:      設(shè)想一下，你很難穿上緊身牛仔褲是因?yàn)槟銦o(wú)法抗拒奶酪蛋糕嗎？其實(shí)，你體內(nèi)的細(xì)菌可能要承擔(dān)部分責(zé)任。
      一項(xiàng)在小鼠身上進(jìn)行的新研究表明，腸道細(xì)菌對(duì)高脂肪飲食的反應(yīng)會(huì)最終引發(fā)荷爾蒙的釋放，使哺乳動(dòng)物感到饑餓，吃的更多。該項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)刊登在《自然》雜志上。
      此前的研究表明，糖尿病患者或者肥胖群體腸道中的細(xì)菌類型與健康人的不同。但是這種細(xì)菌組成會(huì)導(dǎo)致這些疾病嗎？還是只是一種副作用？
      為了解開(kāi)這個(gè)謎團(tuán)，研究人員讓小鼠施用高脂肪飲食，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)醋酸酯這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)在這些動(dòng)物體內(nèi)，特別是在大腸中，積累起來(lái)。

3、    Climate change is a global issue of common concern to the international community. In recent years, worldwide heat waves, droughts, floods and other extreme climate events have occurred frequently, making the impact of climate change increasingly prominent. It has become a main world trend that all countries join hands to respond to climate change and promote green and low-carbon development.
    China is the world's largest developing country, with a large population, insufficient energy resources, complex climate and fragile eco-environment. It has not yet completed the historical task of industrialization and urbanization and its development is unbalanced. China's per-capita GDP in 2010 was only a little more than RMB 29,000. By the UN standard, China still has a poverty-stricken population of over 100 million, thus it faces an extremely arduous task in developing its economy, eliminating poverty and improving the people's livelihood. In the meantime, China is one of the countries most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. 【英譯漢】

答案解析:       對(duì)于國(guó)際社會(huì)來(lái)講，氣候變化是個(gè)普遍關(guān)注的全球性問(wèn)題。近年來(lái)，全球性熱浪、干旱、洪水以及其他極端氣候事件頻頻發(fā)生，使得氣候變化的影響變得越來(lái)越突出。世界各國(guó)攜手共同應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化并促進(jìn)綠色與低碳事業(yè)發(fā)展，已成為世界上的一個(gè)主流趨勢(shì)。
       中國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，人口眾多，能源不足，氣候復(fù)雜，生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱。迄今尚未完成工業(yè)化與城市化的歷史任務(wù)，并且發(fā)展也不均衡。中國(guó)在2010年的人均GDP僅僅是2萬(wàn)9千多人民幣。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)的貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中國(guó)仍有1億多的貧困人口，因此，中國(guó)在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、消除貧困以及改善民生方面面臨的任務(wù)極為艱巨。同時(shí)，中國(guó)還是最容易遭受氣候變化負(fù)作用影響的國(guó)家之一。

4、    We did not care whether Benjamin succeeded in inserting the key into the slot. He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us.
    But the critical point was that, in the process，we were trying to teach Benjamin that one can solve a problem effectively by oneself. Such self-reliance is a principal value of child rearing in middle-class America. So long as the child is shown how to do something - whether it be placing a key in a key slot, or making up for a misdeed - he is less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. And，more generally，he is less likely to view life — as Americans do - as a series of situations in which one has to learn to think for himself, to solve problems on one's own and even to discover new problems for which creative solutions are wanted.【英譯漢】

答案解析:      我們并不在意本杰明能不能把鑰匙塞進(jìn)鑰匙的槽口。他玩得很開(kāi)心，而且在探索，這兩點(diǎn)才是我們真正看重的。
      但關(guān)鍵在于，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我們?cè)噲D讓本杰明懂得，一個(gè)人是能夠很好地解決問(wèn)題的。這種自力更生的精神是美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)最重要的一條育兒觀。只要我們向孩子演示如何做某件事情——把鑰匙塞進(jìn)鑰匙槽口也好，或是彌補(bǔ)某種錯(cuò)誤行為也好——那他就不太可能自己想方設(shè)法去完成這件事。從更廣泛的意義上說(shuō)，他就不太可能——如美國(guó)人那樣——將人生視為一系列的情境，在這些情境中，一個(gè)人必須學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立思考，學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立解決問(wèn)題，進(jìn)而學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性地加以解決的新問(wèn)題。

5、

    Primary socialization refers to the training of children during their earliest years, whereas secondary socialization refers to later influences on the development of the child's personality and learning activities, such as his involvement with teachers and with other children at school. Primary socialization is in most societies carried out essentially within the family as part of child rearing. In the modern family, parents take responsibility for raising and teaching their children such basic things as language and correct behavior. Toilet training, teaching children how to eat correctly, and encouraging children to get along with others are all aspects of child rearing.

    However, it is not only these more mundane aspects of behavior that children learn. Children are also implicitly encouraged to develop the values of the parents and of the society in which they live. In American society, which was Parson's main concern, these values include independence, motivation for achievement, and competition. In other societies, different values, such as cooperation and egalitarianism, may be stressed. Yet the principle behind primary socialization in different societies is the same: the development of social values must be achieved in an environment of love and security, as is found in the ideal family anywhere in the world.

答案解析:        初級(jí)社會(huì)化指的是兒童早期的訓(xùn)練，中級(jí)社會(huì)化關(guān)注的是對(duì)兒童人格發(fā)展和學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的影響，比如說(shuō)他們?cè)趯W(xué)校和老師，同學(xué)的交往。初始社會(huì)化在大多數(shù)社會(huì)中是通過(guò)家庭扶養(yǎng)完成的。在現(xiàn)代家庭中，父母扶養(yǎng)和教育子女一些最基礎(chǔ)的東西，比如語(yǔ)言，正確的行為。扶養(yǎng)子女包括教孩子用廁所，正確地吃東西，鼓勵(lì)孩子和別人相處等等。
        然而兒童不僅是在這些平凡的事情中學(xué)習(xí)。他們也潛移默化地學(xué)會(huì)大人對(duì)社會(huì)價(jià)值的看法。在Parson所關(guān)注的美國(guó)社會(huì)，這些價(jià)值觀包括獨(dú)立，進(jìn)取，和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。另外的社會(huì)可能會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)不同的觀念，比如合作，平等。然而，在不同社會(huì)，初級(jí)社會(huì)化背后的準(zhǔn)則卻是一樣的：社會(huì)價(jià)值觀的培養(yǎng)必須在一個(gè)充滿愛(ài)和安全感的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行，世界上任何一個(gè)完美的家庭都創(chuàng)造了這樣的一種環(huán)境。