2019年MBA考試《英語》考試共48題，分為英譯漢和寫作和完形填空和閱讀理解A和閱讀理解B。小編為您整理第六章 短文翻譯5道練習(xí)題，附答案解析，供您備考練習(xí)。

1、

    Television, video and the wide range of social and recreational opportunities which are now available have taken the place of books in many homes. School children and students still have to read but they usually read because they have to, rather than because they enjoy it. Once they have left school or college, many feel that they never want to open a book again. In England 44% of the population say that they never buy a book and a further 1 % buy only one book a year. In contrast to this there have been 55,000 new books published in England this year as compared to just under 12,000 in 1950 when people were supposed to be spending more time reading for pleasure and relaxation in an age which was pre-TV.

答案解析:       電視、錄像以及大量的現(xiàn)有的社交和娛樂機(jī)會(huì)在許多家庭已經(jīng)取代了書籍。在校孩子和學(xué)生仍然得讀書，但他們通常是被迫閱讀而并非自己喜歡讀書。他們一旦離開校門，許多人再也不愿意碰書本。在英國(guó)44%的人說他們從不買書，另有1%的人一年只買一本書。與此形成對(duì)照的是英國(guó)今年已出版5萬5千本書而1950年只有1萬2千本書出版，在當(dāng)時(shí)的前電視時(shí)代人們本應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間通過閱讀來娛樂和放松。

2、

    A San Francisco fast food restaurant has opened with no waiting staff or cashiers and instead dispenses its meals using a giant vending machine.　

    Customers of Eatsa, in the middle of the city's financial district, order their dishes on iPads, which are prepared by staff in a hidden kitchen and delivered to the fully automated “cubbies”.  

    According to Tim Young, Eatsa's co-founder, the company is reinventing fast food by combining the speed and affordability of fast food with the delicious flavors and nutritious ingredients of premium fast casual. “By developing new technology to automate every aspect of the food experience, we are able to deliver a product with the best qualities of premium fast casual at a price point that is accessible to everyone.” 

    The customers order their food using a virtual cashier, who retains details of previous purchases allowing tailored suggestions. When the food is ready, the dish is delivered to an individual glass door “cubby” which shows personalized graphics allowing the customer to quickly identify their own lunch.

答案解析:

       舊金山一家快餐店開張了，不過店里沒有服務(wù)生和收銀員，只有一臺(tái)巨大的自動(dòng)販賣機(jī)分發(fā)食物。

       這家店名叫伊特薩，位于舊金山金融中心區(qū)，顧客在掌上電腦上點(diǎn)餐，顧客看不到后廚，員工做好后會(huì)把食物放進(jìn)全自動(dòng)販賣機(jī)中。

       伊特薩的合資人蒂姆?楊(Tim Young)表示，“快餐食品快速便捷，優(yōu)質(zhì)便餐美味營(yíng)養(yǎng)，通過兩者的結(jié)合，公司正在徹底改造快餐。通過發(fā)展新技術(shù)，將用餐體驗(yàn)的每一環(huán)節(jié)自動(dòng)化，我們有能力提供價(jià)格親民、質(zhì)量最好的快餐。

       店內(nèi)虛擬收銀員負(fù)責(zé)點(diǎn)餐，虛擬收銀員還保留顧客的點(diǎn)餐記錄，由此提供量身定做的就餐建議。食物備好后會(huì)被送到獨(dú)立的玻璃門“小隔間”，上面會(huì)顯示個(gè)性化的圖像，以便顧客快速識(shí)別自己的食物。

3、

    Quality of life is about more than the size of your pay cheque. It means being able to spend an evening with your family once a week--instead of keeping one parent at home with the kids while the other works, and then exchanging a few words when you switch roles halfway through the day. It means being able to request working hours that allow you to travel when buses are running so you do not have to walk miles to get to work.    

    Those things matter to workers. When someone on a low wage talks about finding a better job, better pay is just  part of the mix. This is why campaigns groups across America are trying to win better conditions--enabling  mployees to address questions of health, safety and life quality, alongside their wage gains. Short-notice rotas, as much as low pay or unsafe conditions, are central to a spate of protests across the US.

答案解析:        生活質(zhì)量不僅在于薪水高低。有質(zhì)量的生活意味著每周能和家人共度一晚——而不是一方在家?guī)Ш⒆?，另一方在外工作，然后在中午角色互換時(shí)說幾句話。有質(zhì)量的生活還意味著在公交運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)間內(nèi)上下班，而不必步行幾英里去上班。
        這些事情對(duì)勞動(dòng)者來說很重要。當(dāng)一個(gè)薪水較低的人談起找一份更好的工作時(shí)，更高的薪資僅僅是部分因素。這就是為什么美國(guó)各地的活動(dòng)團(tuán)體一直在努力爭(zhēng)取更好的工作條件——讓雇員在獲得漲薪的同時(shí)，也能夠解決健康、安全和生活質(zhì)量方面的問題。臨時(shí)排班與低薪和不安全的工作條件一樣，是美國(guó)各地大量抗議活動(dòng)主要針對(duì)的問題。

4、    We did not care whether Benjamin succeeded in inserting the key into the slot. He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us.
    But the critical point was that, in the process，we were trying to teach Benjamin that one can solve a problem effectively by oneself. Such self-reliance is a principal value of child rearing in middle-class America. So long as the child is shown how to do something - whether it be placing a key in a key slot, or making up for a misdeed - he is less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. And，more generally，he is less likely to view life — as Americans do - as a series of situations in which one has to learn to think for himself, to solve problems on one's own and even to discover new problems for which creative solutions are wanted.【英譯漢】

答案解析:      我們并不在意本杰明能不能把鑰匙塞進(jìn)鑰匙的槽口。他玩得很開心，而且在探索，這兩點(diǎn)才是我們真正看重的。
      但關(guān)鍵在于，在這個(gè)過程中，我們?cè)噲D讓本杰明懂得，一個(gè)人是能夠很好地解決問題的。這種自力更生的精神是美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)最重要的一條育兒觀。只要我們向孩子演示如何做某件事情——把鑰匙塞進(jìn)鑰匙槽口也好，或是彌補(bǔ)某種錯(cuò)誤行為也好——那他就不太可能自己想方設(shè)法去完成這件事。從更廣泛的意義上說，他就不太可能——如美國(guó)人那樣——將人生視為一系列的情境，在這些情境中，一個(gè)人必須學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立思考，學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立解決問題，進(jìn)而學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性地加以解決的新問題。

5、

    Primary socialization refers to the training of children during their earliest years, whereas secondary socialization refers to later influences on the development of the child's personality and learning activities, such as his involvement with teachers and with other children at school. Primary socialization is in most societies carried out essentially within the family as part of child rearing. In the modern family, parents take responsibility for raising and teaching their children such basic things as language and correct behavior. Toilet training, teaching children how to eat correctly, and encouraging children to get along with others are all aspects of child rearing.

    However, it is not only these more mundane aspects of behavior that children learn. Children are also implicitly encouraged to develop the values of the parents and of the society in which they live. In American society, which was Parson's main concern, these values include independence, motivation for achievement, and competition. In other societies, different values, such as cooperation and egalitarianism, may be stressed. Yet the principle behind primary socialization in different societies is the same: the development of social values must be achieved in an environment of love and security, as is found in the ideal family anywhere in the world.

答案解析:        初級(jí)社會(huì)化指的是兒童早期的訓(xùn)練，中級(jí)社會(huì)化關(guān)注的是對(duì)兒童人格發(fā)展和學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的影響，比如說他們?cè)趯W(xué)校和老師，同學(xué)的交往。初始社會(huì)化在大多數(shù)社會(huì)中是通過家庭扶養(yǎng)完成的。在現(xiàn)代家庭中，父母扶養(yǎng)和教育子女一些最基礎(chǔ)的東西，比如語言，正確的行為。扶養(yǎng)子女包括教孩子用廁所，正確地吃東西，鼓勵(lì)孩子和別人相處等等。
        然而兒童不僅是在這些平凡的事情中學(xué)習(xí)。他們也潛移默化地學(xué)會(huì)大人對(duì)社會(huì)價(jià)值的看法。在Parson所關(guān)注的美國(guó)社會(huì)，這些價(jià)值觀包括獨(dú)立，進(jìn)取，和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。另外的社會(huì)可能會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)不同的觀念，比如合作，平等。然而，在不同社會(huì)，初級(jí)社會(huì)化背后的準(zhǔn)則卻是一樣的：社會(huì)價(jià)值觀的培養(yǎng)必須在一個(gè)充滿愛和安全感的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行，世界上任何一個(gè)完美的家庭都創(chuàng)造了這樣的一種環(huán)境。