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New methods developed in genetic research have led taxonomists to revise their views on the evolutionary relationships between many species. Traditionally the relatedness of species has been ascertained by a close comparison of their anatomy. The new methods infer the closeness of any two species’ relationship to each other directly from similarities between the species’ genetic codes.

3. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information?

A. The apparent degree of relatedness of some species, as determined by anatomical criteria, is not borne out by their degree of genetic similarity.

B. When they know the differences between two species’ genetic codes, taxonomists can infer what the observable anatomical differences between those species must be.

C. The degree to which individuals of the same species are anatomically similar is determined more by their genetic codes than by such environmental factors as food supply.

D. The traditional anatomical methods by which taxonomists investigated the relatedness of species are incapable of any further refinement.

E. Without the use of genetic methods, taxonomists would never be able to obtain any accurate information about species’ degrees of relatedness to one another.

1

New methods developed in genetic research have led taxonomists to revise their views on the evolutionary relationships between many species.

隨基因研究的進(jìn)步發(fā)展出的新方法，令生物分類學(xué)家重新考慮許多物種間的進(jìn)化關(guān)系。

2

Traditionally the relatedness of species has been ascertained by a close comparison of their anatomy.

確定物種間的相關(guān)性的傳統(tǒng)方法，是通過徹底地解剖對比。

3

The new methods infer the closeness of any two species’ relationship to each other directly from similarities between the species’ genetic codes.

新方法是直接從物種間基因編碼的相似點，推斷任何兩物種間彼此的親緣關(guān)系。

3. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information?

A. The apparent degree of relatedness of some species, as determined by anatomical criteria, is not borne out by their degree of genetic similarity.

B. When they know the differences between two species’ genetic codes, taxonomists can infer what the observable anatomical differences between those species must be.

C. The degree to which individuals of the same species are anatomically similar is determined more by their genetic codes than by such environmental factors as food supply.

D. The traditional anatomical methods by which taxonomists investigated the relatedness of species are incapable of any further refinement.

E. Without the use of genetic methods, taxonomists would never be able to obtain any accurate information about species’ degrees of relatedness to one another.

選 A

問法比較常規(guī)，從文段能夠推出哪種合理結(jié)論。保持收斂就好。

A

某些根據(jù)解剖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看，明顯有親緣關(guān)系的物種，基因上并不相似。

明顯正確的選項，甚至讓人覺得是廢話的選項，如果不是這樣，taxonomists 根本就沒有必要 revise their views(句 1)。

非常 ETS 的選項，看到就該感到溫暖，親切，自己人，面帶忠厚。

B

一旦知道了兩物種間基因編碼的相似點，分類學(xué)家就可以推測它們在解剖上有什么不同。

未知信息。文章指說 taxonomists 可以根據(jù)基因方法判斷親緣關(guān)系，可沒說過把這種方法用于判斷物種間的解剖相似性。

C

同一物種的個體，身體構(gòu)造的相似更多是由基因決定的，而不是環(huán)境因素比如食物供給。

同物種的個體，本來就該有解剖相似性，而且文章沒有討論過同物種個體。

D

分類學(xué)家賴以研究物種親緣關(guān)系的，傳統(tǒng)的解剖學(xué)方法，已經(jīng)不能被優(yōu)化了。

未知信息?，F(xiàn)在看來，不是能不能被優(yōu)化的問題，而是解剖學(xué)方法可能根本就是錯的，需要重新 revise 的問題。

E

不用基因方法，分類學(xué)家永遠(yuǎn)無法獲得物種親緣關(guān)系的任何準(zhǔn)確信息。

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