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Stylistic evidence and laboratory evidence strongly support the claim that the magnificent painting Garden of Eden is a work of the Flemish master van Eyck. Nevertheless, the painting must have been the work of someone else, as anyone with a little historical and zoological knowledge can tell merely by looking at the painting. The animals in the painting are all vivid representations of actual animals, including armadillos. Yet armadillos are native only to Americas, and van Eyck died decades before Europeans reached the Americas.

2. In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?

A. The first is a position that the argument seeks to reject, the second is evidence that the argument uses against that position.

B. The first and the second are each pieces of evidence that have been used to support the position that the argument opposes.

C. The first presents the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.

D. The first is a judgment that serves as the basis for the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that main conclusion.

E. The first is an intermediate conclusion drawn in order to support a further conclusion stated in the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that intermediate conclusion.

1

Stylistic evidence and laboratory evidence strongly support the claim that the magnificent painting Garden of Eden is a work of the Flemish master van Eyck.

風(fēng)格上的和來(lái)自實(shí)驗(yàn)室的證據(jù)，都有力地支持這樣的觀點(diǎn)，即大畫(huà) G o E 出自弗蘭德斯派大師 v E 之手。

佛蘭德斯藝術(shù) [Flemish art]

佛蘭德斯15世紀(jì)到17世紀(jì)初期的藝術(shù)，以生氣蓬勃的寫(xiě)實(shí)主義和高超的技術(shù)造詣而著稱。佛蘭德斯畫(huà)派的先驅(qū)一般都住在勃艮第大公國(guó)的第一個(gè)首都第戎。這些大公在1363～1482年間建立了強(qiáng)大的佛蘭德斯和勃艮第政治聯(lián)盟。善良的腓力三世遷都于布魯日，1425年正式任命 愛(ài)克 (1390～1441)為宮廷畫(huà)師。他的畫(huà)作代表著早期佛蘭德斯繪畫(huà)的開(kāi)端，又象征著它的全盛時(shí)期。15世紀(jì)末，愛(ài)克后一代的畫(huà)家并未一味仿效他，而是面向意大利以求得畫(huà)面形象結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展。R.van der韋登、P.赫里斯特斯、D.包茨、H.van der胡斯、H.梅姆靈和G.戴維等人的畫(huà)作雖著重創(chuàng)新，但其視覺(jué)藝術(shù)效果卻與愛(ài)克相去甚遠(yuǎn)。16世紀(jì)，在H.博斯的影響下，P.勃魯蓋爾將當(dāng)時(shí)的殘酷性反映在他的那些生動(dòng)地描繪了農(nóng)民生活的作品里。17世紀(jì)的大師P.P.魯本斯精通油畫(huà)藝術(shù)，他的成熟的寓言風(fēng)格與巴羅克時(shí)期的奢華趣味完全吻合。早期尼德蘭藝術(shù)(early Netherlandish art)。

愛(ài)克 [Eyck, Jan van]

(1395年前，神圣羅馬帝國(guó) 列日主教區(qū) 馬塞克城～1441.7.9前，布呂赫)

佛蘭德斯畫(huà)家。1422年任荷蘭伯爵，巴伐利亞的約翰的室內(nèi)侍從和宮廷畫(huà)師。后為勃艮地公爵善良的腓力三世服務(wù)?，F(xiàn)存確系他的畫(huà)作只有屬于他藝術(shù)生涯最后十年的作品，其中10幅有他的簽名與日期，這個(gè)數(shù)目在這個(gè)時(shí)期已不尋常。愛(ài)克的繪畫(huà)以肖像和宗教為主題，他的畫(huà)作才華橫溢，極富理性，又充滿象征意義。代表作品有《羔羊受崇敬》(1432)，與其兄休伯特(約1370～1426)合作，該作品以《根特祭壇畫(huà)》聞名遐邇。他通常被認(rèn)為是15世紀(jì)北歐最偉大的畫(huà)家。他的作品被大量復(fù)制和收藏。

2

Nevertheless, the painting must have been the work of someone else, as anyone with a little historical and zoological knowledge can tell merely by looking at the painting.

然而，任何對(duì)歷史和動(dòng)物學(xué)稍有了解的人，只要看看這幅畫(huà)，就可以得出結(jié)論，作者肯定另有其人。

3

The animals in the painting are all vivid representations of actual animals, including armadillos.

畫(huà)中的動(dòng)物都栩栩如生地再現(xiàn)了它們實(shí)際的樣子，包括犰狳。

4

Yet armadillos are native only to Americas, and van Eyck died decades before Europeans reached the Americas.

但犰狳原產(chǎn)于美洲，且 v E 在歐洲人發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲大陸前幾十年就去世了。

2. In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?

A. The first is a position that the argument seeks to reject, the second is evidence that the argument uses against that position.

B. The first and the second are each pieces of evidence that have been used to support the position that the argument opposes.

C. The first presents the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.

D. The first is a judgment that serves as the basis for the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that main conclusion.

E. The first is an intermediate conclusion drawn in order to support a further conclusion stated in the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that intermediate conclusion.

選 C

還是讓我們辨析目標(biāo)句的邏輯功能。

作者的論證，可簡(jiǎn)述為：

結(jié)論 conclusion：大畫(huà)《伊甸園》的作者必不是凡愛(ài)克。

理由 1 reason 1：畫(huà)中動(dòng)物都貼合實(shí)際，包括犰狳。

理由 2 reason 2：犰狳系美洲原產(chǎn)，但凡愛(ài)克死時(shí)歐洲人尚未抵達(dá)美洲。

reason 1 + reason 2 => conclusion

綜上，選 C 。

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