2019年職稱英語考試《理工類》考試共65題，分為單選題和多選題和判斷題和計(jì)算題和簡(jiǎn)答題和不定項(xiàng)。小編為您整理歷年真題10道，附答案解析，供您考前自測(cè)提升！

1、A special education
Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing, hearing, speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent of the students aged 3-21 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program. Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways: mentally retarded (發(fā)展遲緩的) learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, or other health impairments. The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging.
A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information. Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and indefatigable (孜孜不倦) consistency on the part of the teacher is frequently necessary. Interactive videodisc courseware has characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges that special education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient. Repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program. Most important, according to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona, is that videodisc "adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphic representations."
Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative language and higher-order language concepts. He believes that for special education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted by non-handicapped persons. Complex figurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners.
A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because______
【單選題】

A.its fancy design is very attractive

B.it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudy

C.the content of it is healthy and promising

D.it is developed by university professors

正確答案:B

答案解析:文章第2段第2句指出，殘疾兒童往往需要老師不厭其煩地反復(fù)教導(dǎo)，接著談到互動(dòng)式影碟課件可以不斷地重放課程，由此推斷，影碟課件使學(xué)習(xí)有困難的學(xué)生能夠回放他們想再次學(xué)習(xí)的課程，故選B。

2、We've been through some rough times together.【單選題】

A.long

B.happy

C.difficult

D.short

正確答案:C

答案解析:我們一起經(jīng)歷了艱難時(shí)刻。本題考查的是引申意義，有一定難度。rough 一般意義指“粗糙的”，引申意義指“艱難的”，和difficult“困難的”是近義詞，其他三項(xiàng)都是常用詞，和答案意義差異較大，干擾性不強(qiáng)。答案是C。

3、Arctic Melt
Earth's North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean (北冰群) fell to a record low.
Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks(縮小) during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.
Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner.
Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That's 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it's a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned to.
There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer (海洋學(xué)家)at the University of Washington in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.
Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.57 Celsius warmer than the average and 1.5c warmer than the previous record.
With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer was measured just 50 cm by season's end
The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than the thinking of scientists. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend.
The word "builds" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ______【單選題】

A.establishes

B.expands

C.creates

D.constructs

正確答案:B

答案解析:本題難度不大，文章此處build的引申意義指“（冰層）加厚”，選項(xiàng)中expands是其近義解釋，答案是B。

4、Lakes, Too, Feel Global Warming
There's no doubt, In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming and trying to figure out what to do about it.
Scientist recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recorded the night time temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.
In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That difference may seem small you might not even notice it in your bath. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae (水藻) and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.
The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.
That's going to be useful, since no matter the country is too big or too small can't ignore climate changes. Scientists aren't the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse(溫室) gases we put into the air.
That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.
Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題難度不大，答案依據(jù)比較明顯，在文章第四段第二句This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming.談到科學(xué)家在研究地球變暖問題時(shí)需要測(cè)量空氣的溫度，題干和原文句意相符，答案是A。

5、Weaving with Light
In the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico, the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did-without electricity. That's because it's too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live. To help support themselves, the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages. And without electricity, at home or on the road, they can only work during daylight hours. When it gets dark, they must stop whatever they're doing.
Now, a team of scientists, designers and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets. The scientists technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes, bags, or other items.
By collecting the sun's energy during the day, these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night. Their inventors have named the fabrics "Portable Lights," Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world, says project leader Sheila Kennedy.
"Our invention," Kennedy says, "came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States and move it into new markets for people who didn't have a lot of money."
At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high - brightness light - emitting diodes, or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions and streetlights.
LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs. Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights. Inside, electricity heats a metal coil to about 2,200 degrees Celsius. At that temperature, bulbs give off light we can see.
Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights, however, is heat and invisible. With all that wasted energy, bulbs burn out quickly. They are also easily broken.
LEDs, on the other hand, are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure. When an electric current passes through an LED, the crystal structure produces light. Unlike incandescent bulbs, they can produce light of various colors. Within an LED, the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determines what color is produced.
All of the following are disadvantages of incandescent lights EXCEPT that ______.【單選題】

A.they are not bright enough

B.they burn out quickly

C.they are easily broken

D.they waste most of the energy produced

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題難度較大，需要通讀全文，尋找答案依據(jù)。通讀全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有they are not bright enough是文章未提到的，答案是A。

6、The company has the right to end his employment at any time.【單選題】

A.provide

B.stop

C.offer

D.continue

正確答案:B

答案解析:公司有權(quán)利可隨時(shí)終止與他的雇傭關(guān)系。本題難度不大，end是常用詞，此處是動(dòng)詞，指“結(jié)束”，和stop“停止”是近義詞，其他三項(xiàng)都是常用詞，和答案意義差異較大，干擾性不強(qiáng)。答案是B。

7、Arctic Melt
Earth's North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean (北冰群) fell to a record low.
Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks(縮小) during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.
Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner.
Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That's 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it's a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned to.
There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer (海洋學(xué)家)at the University of Washington in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.
Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.57 Celsius warmer than the average and 1.5c warmer than the previous record.
With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer was measured just 50 cm by season's end
The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than the thinking of scientists. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend.
It can be learned from the last sentence that ______.
【單選題】

A.the ice melt in the Arctic may never stop

B.scientists are trying hard to stop the ice melt in the Arctic

C.scientists are delighted to find out what is going on in the Arctic

D.the warming trend in the Arctic can be reversed in the near future

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題難度不大，最后一句話的句意不難理解。文章最后一句談到，科學(xué)家們擔(dān)心北極處于變暖趨勢(shì)，而且不能挽回，答案是B。

8、Mary rarely speaks to Susan.【單選題】

A.slowly

B.seldom

C.weakly

D.constantly

正確答案:B

答案解析:瑪麗很少和蘇珊說話。本題難度不大，干擾項(xiàng)干擾不強(qiáng)。rarely和seldom都可指“很少地”，其他項(xiàng)和答案意義差異較大，最佳答案是B。

9、Meet Your Memory
1. Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a good memory.
2. Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed:
3. Memory consists of at least two different processes: short - term memory and long - term memory. Short - term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (組成大塊), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long - term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.
4. One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free - recall learning you recall the material in any order. In serial learning you recall it in the order it was presented and in paired - associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.
Remembering involves getting the material back out when it is ______.
【單選題】

A.short - term memory

B.relearning

C.needed

D.coded

E.recognition

F.slow forgetting rate

正確答案:C

答案解析:本題難度不大，答案依據(jù)比較明顯，在文章第二段：…getting the material back out when it is needed回來看選項(xiàng)，C項(xiàng)needed符合原文句意，是答案。

10、Shopping at Second - hand Clothing Stores
When 33 year old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second hand clothing stores was just something he did- "like changing the tires on his car." He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops.
"Even new clothes are fairly disposable (用后即丟掉的) and wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."
Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second - hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy - looking shirt. And some shop as a mean conserving energy and helping the environment.
Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA) (救世軍) thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.
"When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said. "Also, why pay 30 dollars for a new coat when you can get another one for a lot less?"
Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US- "some as big as department stores. All of the clothes are donated (捐贈(zèng)), and when they have a surplus (盈余), they'll have" stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.
Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second - hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.
"I'd say that second - hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works for a pro - conservation organization, the center of a New American Dream. "Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋場(chǎng)). They give clothing a second life, provide cheaper clothing for those who can't afford to buy new ones and generate (創(chuàng)造) income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed (擺脫) the guilt for their level of consumption.
Which statement about Barth is NOT true? ______【單選題】

A.He is 33 years old now.

B.He works at a Goodwill thrift shop.

C.He works at a Salvation Army thrift shop.

D.He was a college student many years ago.

正確答案:C

答案解析:本題難度較大，需要認(rèn)真閱讀文章，做出判斷。認(rèn)真閱讀文章前三段。第一段第一句談到了作者大學(xué)期間經(jīng)常逛二手服裝店，第三段第一句話談到了作者在Goodwill舊貨店工作，可以推斷A，B，D項(xiàng)正確，所以答案是C。