2019年職稱英語考試《理工類》考試共65題，分為單選題和多選題和判斷題和計算題和簡答題和不定項(xiàng)。小編為您整理歷年真題10道，附答案解析，供您考前自測提升！

1、Why Would They Falsely Confess?
Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation room.
Under the right conditions, people's minds are susceptible to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grilling is enormous. ______ "The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess."
Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems. The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.
Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession. Of the 15-to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds.
"There's no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results, "But adults are highly vulnerable too."
Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed.
Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."
【單選題】

A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.

B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."

C."It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.

D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."

E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?

F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.

正確答案:C

答案解析:解答此題時要注意，空格后是一段引文，而空格前又沒有引文，所以此空格處一定是引用了某人的話，因此答案只可能在B、C、D中。但D只是一句引用的話，并沒有提及是誰說的，這不符常理，故排除。B雖然提到了Kassin，但沒有對其身份進(jìn)行說明，這也不符“第一次提到某人時要有說明”的習(xí)慣（實(shí)際上他出現(xiàn)在第五段），故排除B。因此只能選C，從內(nèi)容上看也符合。

2、Keeping Cut Flowers
1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple fact.
2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations (康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.
3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, called respiration, generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all giving things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.
4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.
5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白劑) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.
Paragraph 2____
【單選題】

A.Control of Respiration

B.Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers

C.Role of Respiration

D.Most Important Aspect of Flower Care

E.Need for Clean Water

F.Ways of Stopping Respiration

正確答案:D

答案解析:本段第1句和最后一句都是該段的主題句，但是最后一句是此題的答案，選項(xiàng)D幾乎是最后一句的原句重現(xiàn)，故選D。

3、Better Control of TB Seen if a Faster Cure is Found
The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has ______ with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.
Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.
【單選題】

A.increased

B.decreased

C.changed

D.disappeared

正確答案:A

答案解析:本句后半部分說到，由于艾滋病的傳播和抗藥型結(jié)核病的出現(xiàn)，那么根據(jù)推理，結(jié)核病自然應(yīng)該“增加”，而不可能“減少”或“消失”。至于“變化”，不應(yīng)該是結(jié)核病本身發(fā)生變化，而應(yīng)該是發(fā)病率發(fā)生變化。

4、Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children. 【單選題】

A.an easy

B.a playful

C.an open

D.a better

正確答案:D

答案解析:improved是improve的過去分詞，在句中起形容詞作用，“改進(jìn)了的、更好的”，與better意思相近；easy：容易的；playful：頑皮的、鬧著玩的；open：公開的、開著的。

5、A special education
Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing, hearing, speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent of the students aged 3-21 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program. Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways: mentally retarded (發(fā)展遲緩的) learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, or other health impairments. The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging.
A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information. Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and indefatigable (孜孜不倦) consistency on the part of the teacher is frequently necessary. Interactive videodisc courseware has characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges that special education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient. Repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program. Most important, according to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona, is that videodisc "adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphic representations."
Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative language and higher-order language concepts. He believes that for special education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted by non-handicapped persons. Complex figurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners.
According to Professor Healey, we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps____
【單選題】

A.need graphic representations in order to understand higher-order language concepts

B.are good at studying English idioms but often fail to grasp higher-order language concepts

C.are not very patient with videodisc which helps them to understand the world concepts

D.tend to be deaf as well and have difficulty learning the simple concept "before and after"

正確答案:A

答案解析:文章第3段前兩句指出，希利教授解釋說耳聾和智力發(fā)展遲緩的孩子很難明白比喻性的話語和較為復(fù)雜的語言概念，所以他們需要直觀的圖解，而影碟能夠幫助他們，由此推斷A正確。

6、Would you please call my husband as soon as possible?【單選題】

A.visit

B.phone

C.consult

D.invite

正確答案:B

答案解析:麻煩您盡快給我丈夫打個電話好嗎？本題難度不大，考查的是引申意義，call和phone做動詞用，引申意義都有“打電話”的意思，是近義詞，其他選項(xiàng)都是常用詞匯，和答案意義差異大，最佳答案是B。

7、Radiocarbon Dating
Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon (放射性碳), or carbon - 14 dating. One key to understanding how and why something happened is to discover when it happened.
Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon -12, has six protons (質(zhì)子) and six neutrons (中子) in its nucleus (原子核). Carbon - 14, or C - 14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons. It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay (衰減). This process involves the loss of the extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.
In Libby's radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions(放射)from this decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C -14 atoms in the sample being dated.
Carbon - 14 is produced in the Earth's atmosphere when nitrogen(氮) - 14, or N - 14, interacts with cosmic rays (宇宙射線). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C -14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C -14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years.
All life on Earth is made of organic molecules (分子) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C -14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues (組織). Once an organism (有機(jī)體) dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, and the C -14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C - 14 in the material decreases and the ratio of C - 14 to other carbon atoms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C -14 atoms in a sample, the older that sample is.
Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon.【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:C

答案解析:本題有較大難度，答案依據(jù)不明顯，需要通讀全文作出判斷。通讀全文后可以發(fā)現(xiàn)文章并未提及使用雷達(dá)來進(jìn)行放射性碳測定，所以本題是未提及的，答案是C。

8、One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live
It's now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction (滅絕) of the smallpox (天花) virus. When smallpox was completely got rid of in the world, scientists wanted to destroy the killer virus in the last two labs, one in the US and one in Russia. They asked: If smallpox has truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?
In reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a powerful potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few vials (小藥瓶). And the last "official" stocks of live Virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, _____ no obvious gain.
Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines(疫苗). So once again there's a good reason to the virus, just in keep the disease puts in a reappearance.
How do we case with the mistrust of the US and Russia? deal. Keep the virus Simple international support in a well - guarded UN laboratory that's open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it with a multilateral (多邊的) approach to just about everything. But it doesn't mean the idea is rejects. If the virus is useful, then let's wrong it the servant of all humanity make not just a part of it.
【單選題】

A.in

B.for

C.at

D.of

正確答案:B

答案解析:本題有一定難度，考查for的用法，for除了做介詞外，還可做連詞，表示“因?yàn)椤?，文章此處是說“……因?yàn)闆]有獲得明顯的收獲”，答案是B。

9、My doctor said I should vary my diet more【單選題】

A.change

B.prepare

C.cook

D.choose

正確答案:A

答案解析:醫(yī)生說我的飲食要多變化些。本題難度不大，干擾項(xiàng)干擾不大，是送分題，可以確認(rèn)vary和change都是“變化”的意思，答案是A。

10、The courageous hay has been the subject of massive media coverage.【單選題】

A.extensive

B.continuous

C.instant

D.quick

正確答案:A

答案解析:這個勇敢的男孩成為了媒體大幅報道的對象。本題難度不大，干擾項(xiàng)干擾不強(qiáng)。m assive和extensive都可指“大量的”，其他項(xiàng)和答案意義差異較大，最佳答案是A。