2019年職稱英語考試《理工類》考試共65題，分為單選題和多選題和判斷題和計算題和簡答題和不定項。小編為您整理歷年真題10道，附答案解析，供您考前自測提升！

1、If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air is often the cause.【單選題】

A.deliver

B.fall

C.happen

D.arrive

正確答案:C

答案解析:題干大意：如果只是晚上頭疼，那是因為缺氧。畫線詞occur：發(fā)生。選項中，happen：發(fā)生，和畫線詞一樣都是不及物動詞，因此可替換。deliver：傳遞。如：No time to chat. Urgent messages to deliver. 沒有時間閑聊。有緊急信息要傳送。fall：落下，跌倒。如：They might bump into things or fall over objects. 他們有可能撞到或跌倒在某些物體上。arrive：到達。如：Remember to call us when you arrive. 記得到達后給我們打電話。

2、Strike in MTV Networks
Scores of workers from MTV Networks walked off the job yesterday afternoon, filling the sidewalk outside the headquarters of its corporate parent, Viacom, to protest recent changes in benefits. The walkout highlighted the concerns of a category of workers who are sometimes called permalancers： permanent freelancers who work like full-time employees but do not receive the same benefits.
Waving signs that read "Shame on Viacom", the workers, most of them in their 20s, demanded that MTV Networks reverse a plan to reduce health and dental benefits for freelancers beginning Jan. 1. In a statement, MTV Networks noted that its benefits program for full-time employees had also undergone changes, and it emphasized that the plan for freelancers was still highly competitive within the industry. Many freelancers receive no corporate benefits. But some of the protesters asserted that corporations were competing to see which could provide the most mediocre health care coverage. Matthew Yonda, who works at Nickelodeon, held a sign that labeled the network "Sick-elodeon". "I've worked here every day for three years-I'm not a freelancer," Mr. Yonda said. "They just call us freelancers in order to bar us from getting the same benefits as employees."
The changes to the benefits package were announced last Tuesday. Freelancers were told that they would become eligible for benefits after 160 days of work, beginning in January. While that eased previous eligibility rules, which required freelancers to work for 52 weeks before becoming eligible, it would have required all freelancers not yet eligible for benefits to start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1. The 401 (k) plan was also removed On Thursday, acknowledging the complaints, MTV Networks reinstated the 401 (k) plan and said freelancers who had worked consistently since March would be eligible.
Fueled by a series of blog posts on the media web site Gawker-the first post was headlined "The Viacom Permalance Slave System" -a loose cohort of freelancers created protest stickers and distributed walkout fliers last week. Caroline O'Hare, a unit manager who has worked for MTV for more than two years, said the new health care plan-with higher deductibles and a $ 2,000 cap on hospital expenses each year-had provoked outrage. "They think they can treat us like children that don't have families, mortgages or dreams of retirement," she said.
Outside Viacom's headquarters, several workers held posters with the words, "There's too many of us to ignore." It was unclear how many freelancers are on the company's payroll; an MTV Networks spokeswoman said the figure was not known because it rises and falls throughout the year. The company has 5,500 full-time employees, excluding freelancers, around the world.
Two freelancers and one full-time employee, who asked not to be identified for fear of retribution, estimated that the percentage of freelancers in some departments exceeded 75 percent. Another labor action is expected to take place outside Viacom later this week. Members of the Writers Guild of America, who have been on strike for five weeks, are expected to picket there on Thursday.
The MTV Networks spokeswoman did not provide the number of freelancers on the payroll mostly probably because ______.
【單選題】

A.the figure fluctuates throughout the year and it is impossible to calculate the precise number

B.the company wants to keep it as a secret so as to better stand the protest

C.the company has no record of the freelancers since there is no such necessity

D.the company does not want to provide the freelancers with benefits enjoyed by the full-time employee

正確答案:B

答案解析:細節(jié)考查題。題干問的是MTV網(wǎng)絡發(fā)言人沒有提供薪水冊上自由職業(yè)者的數(shù)量的最有可能的原因。答案參見第五段，MTV網(wǎng)絡發(fā)言人聲稱這個數(shù)字全年都來回波動，但實際上公司掌握自己員工的具體數(shù)量應該很容易，很明顯是因為公布該數(shù)據(jù)對公司不利，不想讓外人知道，以便在這場罷工斗爭中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢地位。

3、Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out
Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and ______ that you've programmed into it, traces of your DNA linger on the device, according to a new study.
DNA is genetic material that appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you- because you have an identical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva, or hair left behind at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify criminals and their victims. Your cell phone can reveal more about you than you might think.
Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the device. This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones even when no blood was involved. So she and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs to collect invisible traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the speaker, which is placed at the user's ear.
The scientists scrubbed the phones using a solution made mostly of alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week. Then the researchers collected the phones and repeated the swabbing of each phone once more.
The scientists discovered DNA that belonged to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, those swabs also picked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also handled the phone. Surprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests that washing won't remove all traces of evidence from a criminal's device. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch a crime scene investigation.
【單選題】

A.numbers

B.music

C.secrets

D.films

正確答案:A

答案解析:人們通常在手機中儲存人名和他們的電話號碼。所以電話號碼是最佳選擇。雖然手機中也能儲存音樂、秘密信息或者電影，相比之下，不如電話號碼合理。

4、Breastfeeding Can Cut Cardiovascular Risk
Breastfeeding can reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke later in life and could prevent hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, researchers said on Friday.
Babies who are breastfed have fewer childhood infections and allergies and are less prone to obesity. British scientists have now shown that breastfeeding and slow growth in the first weeks and months of life has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease.
"Diets that promote more rapid growth put babies at risk many years later in terms of raising their blood pressure, raising their cholesterol and increasing their tendency to diabetes and obesity-the four main risk factors for stroke and heart attack." said Professor Alan Lucas of the Institute of Child Health in London.
"Our evidence suggests that the reason why breast-fed babies do better is because they grow more slowly in the early weeks."
Lucas said the effects of breastfeeding on blood pressure and cholesterol later in life are greater than anything adults can do to control the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, other than taking drugs.
An estimated 17 million people die of cardiovascular disease, particularly heart attack and strokes, each year, according to the World Health Organization.
Lucas and his colleagues compared the health of 216 teenagers ______ as babies had either been breastfed or given different nutritional baby formulas' They reported their findings in The Lancet medical journal.
The teenagers who had been breastfed had a 14 percent lower ratio of bad to good cholesterol and lower concentrations of a protein that is a marker for cardiovascular disease risk.
The researchers also found that regardless of the child's weight at birth, the faster the infants grew in the early weeks and months of life, the greater was their later risk of heart disease and stroke. The effect was the same for both boys and girls.
"The more human milk you have in the newborn period, the lower your cholesterol level is, the lower your blood pressure is 16 years later, "Lucas said.
【單選題】

A.who

B.such

C.when

D.taken

正確答案:A

答案解析:空白處需要引導定語從句并修飾人的連接代詞who。

5、Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind
If you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.
Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for blind people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Columbia. ______ produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from.
Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. "It's a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio," she says. "Its life-saving potential is great."
She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the door without a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.
Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms basedon the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.
The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up or down stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.
【單選題】

A.Alarms

B.Alarm

C.The alarm

D.The alarms

正確答案:D

答案解析:我們知道該空的名詞應出現(xiàn)在前文，上一句就提到“Sound Alert，is installing the alarms in a residential home…”，所以這里所要填的詞也應該是the alarms。

6、Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge.【單選題】

A.hard

B.good

C.short

D.long

正確答案:C

答案解析:格林在劍橋做了簡短停留。本題難度不大，干擾項干擾不大，是送分題，可以確認brief和short都是“簡短的”意思，答案是C。

7、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which occurred in Antarctica (南極洲) in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.
Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar system. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your _____. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is - 273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work, not a discovery, in this case.
Why is the two scientists' work so important to science?
In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein's calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world's atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space travel, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.
【單選題】

A.education

B.status

C.knowledge

D.location

正確答案:D

答案解析:本題有一定難度，考查詞義辨析，但干擾項干擾不大?？梢韵瓤催x項得到信息提示。根據(jù)上下文邏輯，文章此處是說“宇宙最低溫度取決于我們所處的位置”，答案是D。

8、Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead
The color red often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports or other kinds of materials, could one day contain a color - changing material. It will turn red before a structure collapses or falls apart.
The secret behind the color - changing material is a particular type of molecule (分子). A molecule is a group of atoms (原子) held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes and make up everything you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains and how they're held together.
When a polymer (聚合物) containing a color - changing molecule called a mechanophore (機械響應性聚合物) is about to break, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" or weak, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It's a really simple detection method," says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the color - changing polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging.
There is a way to get rid of the red color light. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed and the red color disappears. Thus "self - healing" may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color - changer in big construction projects that will be ______, under sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophore's warning system useless.
Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the color - changing molecules can be used outside the lab.

【單選題】

A.inside

B.beside

C.outside

D.above

正確答案:C

答案解析:本題有一定難度，但干擾項干擾不大，關(guān)鍵在理解好文章上下文意義，文章此處是說，“工程師需要把這種變色裝置用在大型建筑項目上，用在外面，在陽光下”，答案是C。

9、Water
The second most important constituent (構(gòu)成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0℃ and boils at 100℃. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.
The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three - quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans about 97 percent. The rest is fresh, but three -quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat less than one percent of the whole, there is 10 -20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.
Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation (循環(huán)) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated (蒸發(fā)) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist (潮濕的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow, falling on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers.
There is more rainfall ______.
【單選題】

A.over the mountains than over the rivers

B.over the rivers than over the mountains

C.over the oceans than over the land

D.over the land than over the oceans

正確答案:D

答案解析:本題難度不大，答案依據(jù)比較明顯，在文章第三段第四句，談到陸地降雨量大于海洋上的降雨量，河流又從陸地流向海洋，恢復了水量平衡，回來看選項，D項是其近義解釋，所以正確，答案是D。

10、Genetically Modified Food
European Union environmental officials have determined that two kinds of genetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chains and disturb life in rivers and streams, and they have proposed a ban on the sale of the seeds, which are made by Dupont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta. The preliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission, which has the final say. Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the United States. The seeds are not available on the European market for cultivation.
In the decisions, the environment commissioner, Stavros Dimas, contends that the genetically modified corn, or maize could affect certain butterfly species, specifically the monarch, and other beneficial insects. For instance, research this year indicates that larvae of the monarch butterfly exposed to the genetically modified corn "behave differently than other larvae." In the decision concerning the corn seeds produced by Dow and Pioneer, Mr. Dimas calls "potential damage on the environment irreversible." In the decision on Syngenta's corn, he says that "the level of risk generated by the cultivation of this product for the environment is unacceptable."
A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn. Banning the applications for corn crops also would mark a bold new step for European environmental authorities, who are already aggressively pursuing regulations on emissions from cars and aircraft, setting it at odds with the United States and angering industries.
"These products have been grown in the U. S. and other countries for years," said Stephen Norton, a spokesman for the United States trade representative. "We are not aware of any other case when a product has been rejected after having been reviewed and determined safe by European food safety authorities," he said.
Barbara Helfferich, a spokeswoman for Mr. Dimas, declined to comment on the specifics of the procedure because commissioners had not yet made a final decision. But she said that the European Union was within its rights to make decisions based on the "precautionary principle" even when scientists had found no definitive evidence proving products can cause harm. She said that the decisions by Mr. Dimas could go before the commission within a few weeks, but she said that no date had been set. In the decisions, Mr. Dimas cited recent research showing that consumption of genetically modified corn byproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of non-target stream insects and that these insects are important prey for aquatic and riparian predators and that this could have unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences.
"Although still preliminary, his decisions could drastically tilt the policy against future approvals of genetically modified crops," said Nathalie Moll, a spokeswoman for Europabio, an industry group with 80 members including Syngenta, Pioneer and Dow. Europabio says that the crops grown using the genetically modified corn are already imported into several European countries, including France and Germany, where they are used to feed animals like cows and chickens.
Rob Gianfranceschi, spokesman at the United States mission to the European Union in Brussels, said it was too early to comment on a decision that had not yet been formalized. But he made clear that the United States remained frustrated with European policies on genetically modified crops.
The preliminary decisions are made by ______.
【單選題】

A.Dupont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta

B.European Union environmental officials

C.European Commision

D.Starvros Dimas

正確答案:D

答案解析:細節(jié)考查題。文章的論述中多次提到Dimas先生在決議中的觀點，第六段也提到他的決議雖然是初步的但可能有很大影響。由此看來，該決議是Dimas先生提出的可能性大，故正確答案為D?？忌苊馐艿礁蓴_項B的影響。