2019年職稱英語考試《衛(wèi)生類》考試共65題，分為單選題和多選題和判斷題和計算題和簡答題和不定項(xiàng)。小編為您整理歷年真題5道練習(xí)題，附答案解析，供您備考練習(xí)。

1、The document was compiled by the Department of Health.【單選題】

A.written

B.printed

C.attached

D.sent

正確答案:A

答案解析:此文件由衛(wèi)生部編制。compiled指是“編輯”，和written“寫下”是近義詞，其他三項(xiàng)都是常用詞，和答案意義差異較大，干擾性不強(qiáng)。

2、Human Heart Can Make New Cells
Solving a longstanding (為時甚久的) mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac(心臟的 ) cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.
The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say.
"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes (心肌細(xì)胞), are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said.
The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20 - year - old, about I percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover (更替) rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.
"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals (藥物) that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack," Frisen said.
That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
"A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co - author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies (療法) to having ourselves heal ourselves." Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. "
But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.
Chronic heart failure is attributed to ______.【單選題】

A.the dying heart cells

B.the effect of pharmaceuticals

C.the weight of the patient

D.the life span of a person

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題難度不大，答案依據(jù)比較明顯。帶著題干信息詞回文章定位，答案依據(jù)是文章第七段最后一句，談到慢性心臟衰竭是由心肌細(xì)胞的死亡引起的，回來看選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)和原文句意相符，是答案。

3、Cancer
1. Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body＇s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor(腫瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (惡性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.
2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet(紫外線的) radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致癥物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.
3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化療), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient＇s age and general health and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighting the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.
4. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease and the patient＇s tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over - the - counter drugs recommended by the doctor.
Gene alterations may be caused by ______.
【單選題】

A.side effects

B.prescription medicines

C.control or order

D.tolerance for pain

E.various factors

F.different genes

正確答案:E

答案解析:本題難度不大，認(rèn)真閱讀文章第二段可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，本段主要談到了引發(fā)癌癥的各’類原因，如生活習(xí)慣，工作環(huán)境和環(huán)境因素等，回來看選項(xiàng)，E項(xiàng)符合原文句意，是答案。

4、Reduce Packaging
Pressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti - waste campaign. The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper. Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.
Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries, In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. When returned bottles are put in a vending machine 自動售貨機(jī), the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.
There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.
In response to a campaign by Britain＇s The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence. ____
But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti - waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non - recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales. In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles.
【單選題】

A.If a product is over packaged, don＇t buy it.

B.In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit.

C.This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.

D.This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.

E.Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (裝貨箱) for transporting its fresh produce.

F.The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.

正確答案:E

答案解析:本題有一定難度。要認(rèn)真閱讀文章，理解好句意，判斷出敘述邏輯，可使用排除法和代入法。本題的上句談到了超市也發(fā)起各類活動以贏得公眾的信任，可以推斷此處應(yīng)該舉例說明一下，回來看選項(xiàng)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)E項(xiàng)合適，把E項(xiàng)代入文中，符合上下文邏輯，是答案。

5、Happy Marriage, Happy Heart
Happily married people have lower blood pressure than unhappily married people or singles, a Brigham Young University study says.
On the other hand, even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit for singles or unhappily married people, according to the study.
"There seems to be some unique health benefits from marriage. It＇s not just being named that benefits health-what＇s really the most protective of health is having a happy marriage," study author Julianne Holt Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health, said in a prepared statement.
The study included 204 married and 99 single adults who wore portable blood - pressure monitors for 24 hours. The monitors recorded blood pressure at random intervals and provided a total of about 72 readings.
"We wanted to capture participants＇ blood pressure doing whatever they normally do in everyday life. Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really representative of the fluctuations (波動) that occur throughout the day," Holt Lunstad said.
Overall, happily married people scored four points ____ on the blood pressure readings than single adults. The study also found that blood pressure among married people, especially those in happy marriages dropped more during sleep than in single people.
"Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high throughout the night are at much greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops," Holt Lunstad said.
The study was published in the March 20 issue of the journal Annals (年刊) of Behavioral Medicine.
The study also found that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than both happily married and single adults.
Holt Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one another, such as eating a healthy diet and having regular doctor visits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support, she said.
【單選題】

A.most

B.lower

C.higher

D.least

正確答案:B

答案解析:本題難度不大，考查詞義辨析。后面出現(xiàn)了than，很明顯，文章此處是說“婚姻幸福的成年人比未婚的成年人血壓低4個讀數(shù)”，答案是B。