2019年職稱英語考試《衛(wèi)生類》考試共65題，分為單選題和多選題和判斷題和計算題和簡答題和不定項。小編為您整理歷年真題5道練習(xí)題，附答案解析，供您備考練習(xí)。

1、Human Heart Can Make New Cells
Solving a longstanding (為時甚久的) mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac(心臟的 ) cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.
The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say.
"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes (心肌細(xì)胞), are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said.
The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20 - year - old, about I percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover (更替) rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.
"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals (藥物) that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack," Frisen said.
That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
"A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co - author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies (療法) to having ourselves heal ourselves." Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. "
But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.
The finding could prove to be useful to ______.【單選題】

A.the analysis of cardiac cells

B.the prevention of chronic diseases

C.the treatment of heart diseases

D.the study of longstanding mysteries

正確答案:C

答案解析:本題有一定難度，需要吃透原文句意。帶著題干信息詞回文章定位，答案依據(jù)在文章第二段，談到專家稱這項發(fā)現(xiàn)會為例如心臟衰竭、心臟病等的治療開辟新道路，回來看選項，C項和原文句意相符，是答案。

2、Nurse! I Want My Mummy
When a child is ill in hospital, a parent＇s first reaction is to be with them.
Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep overnight with their child, providing a bed or sofa on the ward.
But until the 1970s this practice was not only frowned upon (不贊同) — it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children would be upset when their parents left, and so there was a blanket (通用的) ban.
A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study "Nurse, I want my mummy!" published in 1974, ____ the face "paediatric (兒科的) nursing.
Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of nurses like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.
"Pamela＇s study was done against the background of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital."
"The idea was that if mum came to visita small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable (無法安慰的) for hours. "
"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. "
"Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that mum was ever coming back."
"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit."
"But children were alone and depressed, so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit."
Dr. Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work had been seminal (開創(chuàng)性的).
"Her research put an end to the days when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward."
"As a result of her work, parents are now recognized as partners in care and are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children while they are in hospital, which has dramatically improved both parents＇ and children＇s experience of care."
【單選題】

A.changed

B.examined

C.covered

D.cleaned

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題難度不大，考查詞義辨析，可以先看選項得到信息提示。文章此處是說“她的研究改變了兒科護理的面貌”，答案是A。

3、Importance of Children＇s Oral Health
February is National Children＇s Dental(牙齒的) Health Month, but in children good oral(口部的) care is critical every day. The first comprehensive study on the nation＇s oral health, released recently by the Office of the U. S. Surgeon General, calls dental and oral diseases a "silent epidemic (流行病)", even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental - related illness. In fact, a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among American children.
To help counter this, the American Academy of Periodontology (牙周病學(xué)) (AAP) is launching an effort to educate children and parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children.
"This is important because oral problems can impact self - esteem for children and lead to problems of eating, speaking and attending to learning," said Michael McGuire, president of the AAP.
Common dental problems seen in children are cavities (齲洞) and gingivitis (齦炎), which are found in the majority of U. S. children. "When these problems are not caught early and treated, they can develop into more severe problems and cause unnecessary suffering," said McGuire. "However, much of the time, oral problems are avoidable problems."
In the Rio Grande Valley in Texas, a group of more than 120 dentists(牙醫(yī)) volunteers to deliver dental care to thousands of low - income children each year with its Mobile Dental Unit that travels from school to school.
"According to the Surgeon General＇s Report, about 37 percent of children have not had a dental visit before starting school," said McGuire. When children don＇t see dentists, they miss the opportunity to have problems caught early before they develop into larger, more expensive problems to treat, and parents miss the opportunity to learn how to promote good oral habits in their children.
Some children have never seen a dentist before starting school.【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題難度不大，答案依據(jù)比較明顯，帶者題干信息詞回文章定位，答案依據(jù)在文章最后一段第一句：…about 37 per cent of children have not had a dental visit before start ing school，談到約37%的孩子上小學(xué)前從沒看過牙醫(yī)，所以本題和原文句意相符，答案是A。

4、Cancer
1. Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body＇s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor(腫瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (惡性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.
2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet(紫外線的) radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致癥物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.
3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化療), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient＇s age and general health and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighting the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.
4. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease and the patient＇s tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over - the - counter drugs recommended by the doctor.
Paragraph 3 ______
【單選題】

A.How is cancer treated?

B.Does cancer always cause pain?

C.Can cancer be prevented?

D.What is cancer?

E.How common is cancer?

F.What causes cancer?

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題難度也不大，段落主旨句比較明顯，是文章第三段的第一句，談到癌癥治療包括手術(shù)療法，放射線療法，化療，激素療法和生物療法。回來看選項，A項How is cancer treated?，癌癥如何治療？簡單概括了本段意思，是答案。

5、College Night Owls Have Lower Grades
College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls(晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.
They had 824 undergraduate(大學(xué)本科生的) students complete a health survey that in cluded questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs) than those who are night people.
"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co - author Daniet J. Taylor said in a prepared statement.
"Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (時間療法) to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types," Taylor said.
The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional (專業(yè)的) Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.
In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia (失眠) and a decline in college students＇ academic performance.
The study included 64 psychology, nursing and medical students, average age 27. 4 years, who were divided into two groups—low GPAs and high GPAs.
Among those with low GPAs,69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or twitches (痙攣) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep, and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
"In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study author Dr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student＇s academic performance, including GPAs."
In the second study, students with low GPAs did NOT complain of ______.【單選題】

A.having trouble falling asleep

B.waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep

C.having difficulty concentrating during the day

D.being kicked in the leg at night

正確答案:D

答案解析:本題難度不大，答案依據(jù)比較明顯，答案依據(jù)是文章倒數(shù)第二段，本段談到了成績較低的學(xué)生中有53. 1%的人晚上會踢腿或痙攣，但沒有提到腿被踢，答案是D。