2019年職稱英語考試《理工類》考試共65題，分為單選題和多選題和判斷題和計算題和簡答題和不定項。小編為您整理歷年真題10道，附答案解析，供您考前自測提升！

1、Black Holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate. A black hole in the universe is not a solid object, like a planet, but it is shaped like a sphere (球體). Astronomers (天文學(xué)家) think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite (無限的) density (稠密).
This single point is called a singularity (奇點). If the singularity theory is correct, it means that when a massive star collapses, all the material in it disappears into the singularity. The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all, but an infinitely dense point. Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe. These are the reasons,
?No light or anything else comes out of black holes. As a result, they are invisible to a telescope.
?In astronomical terms, black holes are truly. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon (視界) only 18 miles across.
?The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trillion (萬億) miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still answers to be found, however, so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe. (2007年)
The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us.
【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:B

答案解析:題干大意：離我們最近的黑洞也有幾百光年。用中心詞nearest定位，原文倒數(shù)第二段提到：The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. 離地球最近的黑洞有幾十光年(dozens)，而不是“hundreds”。故答案選B。

2、Breastfeeding Can Cut Cardiovascular Risk
Breastfeeding can reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke later in life and could prevent hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, researchers said on Friday.
Babies who are breastfed have fewer childhood infections and allergies and are less prone to obesity. British scientists have now shown that breastfeeding and slow growth in the first weeks and months of life has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease.
"Diets that promote more rapid growth put babies at risk many years later in terms of raising their blood pressure, raising their cholesterol and increasing their tendency to diabetes and obesity-the ______ main risk factors for stroke and heart attack." said Professor Alan Lucas of the Institute of Child Health in London.
"Our evidence suggests that the reason why breast-fed babies do better is because they grow more slowly in the early weeks."
Lucas said the effects of breastfeeding on blood pressure and cholesterol later in life are greater than anything adults can do to control the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, other than taking drugs.
An estimated 17 million people die of cardiovascular disease, particularly heart attack and strokes, each year, according to the World Health Organization.
Lucas and his colleagues compared the health of 216 teenagers who as babies had either been breastfed or given different nutritional baby formulas＇ They reported their findings in The Lancet medical journal.
The teenagers who had been breastfed had a 14 percent lower ratio of bad to good cholesterol and lower concentrations of a protein that is a marker for cardiovascular disease risk.
The researchers also found that regardless of the child＇s weight at birth, the faster the infants grew in the early weeks and months of life, the greater was their later risk of heart disease and stroke. The effect was the same for both boys and girls.
"The more human milk you have in the newborn period, the lower your cholesterol level is, the lower your blood pressure is 16 years later, "Lucas said.
【單選題】

A.two

B.four

C.three

D.five

正確答案:B

答案解析:前句中先后提到了血壓、膽固醇、糖尿病和肥胖，共計4項。

3、Snow Ranger
The two things, snow and mountains, which are needed for a ski area are the two things that cause avalanches, large mass of snow and ice crushing down the side of a mountain, often called "White Death. "
It was the threat of the avalanche and its record as a killer of man in the western mountains that created the snow ranger. He first started on avalanche control work in the winter of 1937, 38 at Alta, Utah, in Wasatch National Forest.
This mountain valley was becoming well known to skiers. It was dangerous. In fact, more than 120 persons had lost their lives in 1936 and another 200 died in 1937 as a result of avalanches before it became a major ski area.
Thus, development of Alta and other major ski resorts in the west was dependent upon controlling the avalanche. The Forest Service set out to do it, and did with its corps of snow rangers.
It takes many things to make a snow ranger. The snow ranger must be in excellent physical condition. He must be a good skier and a skilled mountain climber. He should have at least a high school education, and the more college courses in geology, physics, and related fields he has, the better.
He studies snow, terrain, wind, and weather. He learns the conditions that produce avalanches. He learns to forecast avalanches and to bring them roaring on down the mountainsides to reduce their killing strength. The snow ranger learns to do this by using artillery, by blasting with TNT, and by the difficult and skillful art of skiing avalanches down.
The snow ranger, dressed in a green parka which has a bright yellow shoulder patch, means safety for people on ski slopes. He pulls the trigger on a 75 mm. Recoilless rifle, skis waist deep in powder testing snow stability, or talks with the ski area＇s operator as he goes about his work to protect the public from the hazards of deep snow on steep mountain slopes.
A snow ranger uses very powerful guns____.
【單選題】

A.to warn skiers of an approaching avalanche.

B.to signal for help in an emergency.

C.to create an avalanche.

D.to communicate with the ski area operator.

正確答案:C

答案解析:這道題可以依據(jù)線索詞在句中尋找答案。線索詞：powerful gun（很強殺傷力的槍）或與其近義的短語。在第6段最后一句中發(fā)現(xiàn)gun的近義詞artillery，找到了答案相關(guān)句。該句的前一句說“雪地管理員要使雪崩沿著山坡轟隆隆地滾下”，所以答案是C：制造雪崩。

4、A special education
Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing, hearing, speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent of the students aged 3-21 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program. Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways: mentally retarded (發(fā)展遲緩的) learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, or other health impairments. The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging.
A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information. Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and indefatigable (孜孜不倦) consistency on the part of the teacher is frequently necessary. Interactive videodisc courseware has characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges that special education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient. Repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program. Most important, according to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona, is that videodisc "adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphic representations."
Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative language and higher-order language concepts. He believes that for special education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted by non-handicapped persons. Complex figurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners.
According to Professor Healey, we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps____
【單選題】

A.need graphic representations in order to understand higher-order language concepts

B.are good at studying English idioms but often fail to grasp higher-order language concepts

C.are not very patient with videodisc which helps them to understand the world concepts

D.tend to be deaf as well and have difficulty learning the simple concept "before and after"

正確答案:A

答案解析:文章第3段前兩句指出，希利教授解釋說耳聾和智力發(fā)展遲緩的孩子很難明白比喻性的話語和較為復(fù)雜的語言概念，所以他們需要直觀的圖解，而影碟能夠幫助他們，由此推斷A正確。

5、We＇ve seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.【單選題】

A.clear

B.regular

C.quick

D.great

正確答案:A

答案解析:我們已經(jīng)看到在對待社會問題上我們態(tài)度的顯著變化。本題難度很大，考生要重點研究。本題考查引申意義。marked的引申意義指“顯著的”，和clear的引申意思“顯著的”是同義詞，D項great“極大的”干擾較大，有考生選擇D，但最佳答案是A。

6、Sharing Silence
Deaf teenagers Orlando Chavez and German Resendiz have been friends since kindergarten (幼兒園). Together the two boys, who go to Escondido High School in California, have had the difficult job of learning in schools where the majority of the students can speak and hear.
Orlando lost his hearing at the age of one. German was born deaf, and his parents moved from Mexico to find a school where he could learn sign language. He met Orlando on their first day of kinder garten.
"We were in a special class with about 25 other deaf kids," German remembered. "Before then, I didn＇t know I was deaf and I was different."
"Being young and deaf in regular classes was very hard," signs Orlando. "The other kids didn＇t understand us and we didn＇t understand them. But we＇ve all grown up together, and today, I＇m popular because I＇m deaf. Kids try to communicate with me."
Some things are very difficult for the two boys. "We can＇t talk on the phone, so if we need help, we can＇t call an emergency service," German signs. "And we can＇t order food in a drive - thru."
Despite of their difficulties, the two boys have found work putting food in bags at a local supermarket.
They got their jobs through a "workability" program, designed for teenagers from local schools with different types of learning disabilities.
German has worked in the supermarket since August, and Orlando started in November.
"The other people who work here nave been very nice to us," Orlando signs. "They even sign sometimes. At first, we were nervous, but we＇ve learned a lot and we＇re getting better."
The opportunity to earn money has been exciting, both boys said. After high school, they hope to attend the National Technical Institute for the Deaf in New York.
Orlando and German have been ______.【單選題】

A.to Mexico together

B.deaf since they were born

C.to different high schools

D.friends since they were very young

正確答案:D

答案解析:本題難度不大，本題針對文章開頭第一句出題，找到答案依據(jù)很容易。根據(jù)題干提示詞匯迅速到文章定位。找到文章開頭第一句，這一句談到，Orlando和German從上幼兒園時就是好朋友，回來看選項，很明顯，D項是近義解釋，是答案。

7、Radiocarbon Dating
Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon (放射性碳), or carbon - 14 dating. One key to understanding how and why something happened is to discover when it happened.
Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon -12, has six protons (質(zhì)子) and six neutrons (中子) in its nucleus (原子核). Carbon - 14, or C - 14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons. It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay (衰減). This process involves the loss of the extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.
In Libby＇s radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions(放射)from this decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C -14 atoms in the sample being dated.
Carbon - 14 is produced in the Earth＇s atmosphere when nitrogen(氮) - 14, or N - 14, interacts with cosmic rays (宇宙射線). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C -14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C -14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years.
All life on Earth is made of organic molecules (分子) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C -14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues (組織). Once an organism (有機體) dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, and the C -14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C - 14 in the material decreases and the ratio of C - 14 to other carbon atoms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C -14 atoms in a sample, the older that sample is.
When an organism dies, the C -14 in it begins to decay.
【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題有一定難度，但答案依據(jù)比較明顯。帶著題干信息詞回文章定位，文章最后一段第三句：Once an organism dies it stops taking in carbon in any form，and the C - 14 already present begins to decay談到一旦有機體死亡，就停止吸收任何形式的碳，現(xiàn)有的碳14也會逐漸衰變，題干是其近義解釋，所以正確，答案是A。

8、Can you give a concrete example to support your idea?【單選題】

A.specific

B.real

C.special

D.good

正確答案:A

答案解析:你可以舉一個具體的例子來支持你的觀點嗎？本題有一定難度，concrete，常用詞匯，指“具體的”，specific 一般指“特殊的”引申意思指“具體的”，這里和concrete，是同義詞，special指“特殊的”，沒有“具體的”意思，最佳答案是A。

9、Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead
The color red often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports or other kinds of materials, could one day contain a color - changing material. It will turn red before a structure collapses or falls apart.
The secret behind the color - changing material is a particular type of molecule (分子). A molecule is a group of atoms (原子) held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes and make up everything you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains and how they＇re held together.
When a polymer (聚合物) containing a color - changing molecule called a mechanophore (機械響應(yīng)性聚合物) is about to break, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" or weak, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It＇s a really simple detection method," says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the color - changing polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging.
There is a way to get rid of the red color light. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed and the red color disappears. Thus "self - healing" may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color - changer in big construction projects that will be ______, under sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophore＇s warning system useless.
Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the color - changing molecules can be used outside the lab.

【單選題】

A.inside

B.beside

C.outside

D.above

正確答案:C

答案解析:本題有一定難度，但干擾項干擾不大，關(guān)鍵在理解好文章上下文意義，文章此處是說，“工程師需要把這種變色裝置用在大型建筑項目上，用在外面，在陽光下”，答案是C。

10、Light Night, Dark Stars
Thousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer(天文學(xué)家) with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research( UCAR) in Boulder, Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, they＇re lucky to see 150 stars.
If you＇ve ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, you＇ve witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates (照亮) the night sky. This haze (朦朧) of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult.
Dust and particles of pollution factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. "If one city has a lot more light pollution than another," Ward says, "that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale."
Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs.
Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring (使變模糊) the faint (微弱的) light give off by distant stars. And if scientists can＇t locate these objects, they can＇t learn more about them.
Light pollution doesn＇t only affect star visibility. It can harm wild life too. It＇s clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. There＇s increasing evidence, for example, that migrating (遷徙) birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr. , a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina, "When light occurs at night," he says, "it has a very disruptive (破壞性的) influence." Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers, high - rises, and cables from radio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.
Nowadays even suburbs are becoming unsuitable for scientists to do their jobs because ______.【單選題】

A.the night sky there is too dark

B.the once dark areas are also polluted by lights

C.these areas are not polluted by chemicals

D.these areas are less developed

正確答案:B

答案解析:本題有一定難度，需要認真第五段，吃透句意。文章第五段談到，市郊的燈火使科學(xué)家無法觀測到天空星體發(fā)出微弱光線，回來看選項，B項符合原文句意，是答案。