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一、Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarII had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents".

【詞匯突破】

argue 認(rèn)為

introduce 制定，引入

raised eyebrows: 表示驚訝，不可思議，輿論一片嘩然（把別人的眉毛給抬起了）

morality 道德

American occupation authorities：美國占領(lǐng)當(dāng)局

【主干識(shí)別】Mitsuo Setoyama raised eyebrows+時(shí)間狀語從句

【其他成分】who was then education minister 定語從句，修飾Mitsuo Setoyama；when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主干為he argued that liberal reforms had weakened the morality，iberal reforms had weakened the morality賓語從句；introduced by the American occupation authorities非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)作定語修飾reforms；after World WarII置于句中，作時(shí)間狀語。

【微觀解析】抓住句子主干后應(yīng)該一層一層的理解句子中的成分。解析定語從句應(yīng)找到其相應(yīng)的先行詞，而when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句比較長(zhǎng)，確定主謂賓關(guān)系后再將各個(gè)修飾成份加入。

【難點(diǎn)揭秘】這個(gè)句子的從句比較多，若是不能準(zhǔn)確劃分主干則很難準(zhǔn)確理解句意。對(duì)于狀語的識(shí)別和位置的靈活掌握也是這個(gè)句子的重點(diǎn)之一。

【譯文賞析】去年，時(shí)任教育部長(zhǎng)瀨戶光夫爭(zhēng)辯說二戰(zhàn)后由美國占領(lǐng)當(dāng)局引入的自由主義革新削弱了日本民族"尊敬父母的道德品質(zhì)"的時(shí)候，輿論一片嘩然。

二、Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses （配偶）through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices. In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and。

三、Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.

In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist（不動(dòng)搖）in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates. When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.

The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（瘋?cè)耍?/span>.

The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”

Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted （內(nèi)向）, inhibited （壓抑）, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.

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