- 閱讀理解A
題干：Thedifferencesinlivingstandardsaroundtheworldarevast.In1993'theaverageAmericanhadanincomeofabout$25，000.Inthesameyear,theaverageMexicanearned$7，000，andtheaverageNigerianearned$1,500.Notsurprisingly,thislargevariationinaverageincomeisreflectedinvariousmeasuresofthequalityoflife.Changesinlivingstandardsovertimearealsolarge.IntheUnitedStates，incomeshavehistoricallygrownabout2percentperyear(afteradjustingforchangesinthecostofliving).Atthisrate,averageincomedoublesevery35years.Insomecountries,economicgrowthhasbeenevenmorerapid.InJapan,forinstance,averageincomehasdoubledinthepast20years,andinSouthKoreaithasdoubledinthepast10years.Whatexplainstheselargedifferencesinlivingstandardsamongcountriesandovertime?Theanswerissurprisinglysimple.Almostallvariationinlivingstandardsisattributabletodifferencesincountries’productivity-thatis,theamountofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeachhourofaworker’stime.Innationswhereworkerscanproducealargequantityofgoodsandservicesperunitoftime,mostpeopleenjoyahighstandardofliving；innationswhereworkersarelessproductive,mostpeoplemustendureamoremeagerexistence.Similarly,thegrowthrateofanation'sproductivitydeterminesthegrowthrateofitsaverageincome.Thefundamentalrelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandardsissimple，butitsimplicationsarefar-reaching.Ifproductivityistheprimarydeterminantoflivingsstandards，otherexplanationsmustbeofsecondaryimportance.Forexample,peoplemightthinkthatlaborunionsorminimum-wagelawscontributedtotheriseinlivingstandardsofAmericanworkersoverthepastcentury.YettherealheroofAmericanworkersistheirrisingproductivity.Therelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandardsalsohasgreatimplicationsforpublicpolicy.Whenthinkingabouthowanypolicywillaffectlivingstandards，thekeyquestionishowitwillaffectourabilitytoproducegoodsandservices.Toimprovelivingstandards，policymakersneedtoraiseproductivitybyensuringthatworkersarewelleducated，havethetoolsneededtoproducegoodsandservices,andhaveaccesstothebestavailabletechnology.
題目：The passage mainly discusses_____. - A 、the differences in average income among countries
- B 、the relationships between productivity and living standards
- C 、the causes of the rise in living standards
- D 、the importance of raising productivity
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參考答案【正確答案：B】
主旨題。通讀全文，整篇文章主要論述了生產(chǎn)力和生活水平提高之間的關(guān)系。A、C選項都太片面, 只是文章中某一段落的主題；而D選項只提到提高生產(chǎn)力的重要性，沒有提到人們的生活水平。故選B選項。
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