- 閱讀理解A
題干：ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1968,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotheranti-discriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.
題目： In discussing the U.S. jury system, the text centers on（）. - A 、its nature and problems
- B 、its characteristics and tradition
- C 、its problems and their solutions
- D 、its tradition and development
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參考答案【正確答案：D】
A. 本質(zhì)與問題；B. 特點與傳統(tǒng)；C. 問題與解決方法；D. 傳統(tǒng)與發(fā)展
主旨題從各段首句進(jìn)行概括：第二段第一句：But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.（然而，1986年，陪審團(tuán)挑選程序仍然和這些民主理念相沖突）第三段第一句：The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.（在20世紀(jì)中期之前，女性也仍未被納入陪審團(tuán)成員之中）第四段第一句In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.（1968年，美國國會通過Selection and Service Act,開啟陪審團(tuán)民主改革的新紀(jì)元）總體來說，本文是講陪審團(tuán)原來的傳統(tǒng)做法隨著年代的流逝而不斷完善的一個過程。因而答案選D。
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- A 、 both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries
- B 、defendants are immune from trial by their peers
- C 、no age limit should be imposed for jury service
- D 、 judgment should consider the opinion of the public
- 2 【閱讀理解A】 Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because（）.
- A 、 they were automatically banned by state laws
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- 3 【閱讀理解A】 After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed,（）.
- A 、sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished
- B 、educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors
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- A 、raising a question and arguing about it
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- A 、inefficient
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