- 閱讀理解A
題干：Livingstandardssoaredduringthetwentiethcentury,andeconomistsexpectthemtocontinuerisinginthedecadesahead.Doesthatmeanthatwehumanscanlookforwardtoincreasinghappiness?Easterlinadmitsthatricherpeoplearemorelikelytoreportthemselvesasbeinghappierthanpoorerpeopleare.ButsteadyimprovementsintheAmericaneconomyhavenotbeenaccompaniedbysteadyincreasesinpeople’sself-assessmentsoftheirownhappiness.“TherehasbeennoimprovementinaveragehappinessintheUnitedStatesoveralmostahalfcentury—aperiodinwhichrealGDP(grossdomesticproduct)percapitalmorethandoubled,”Easterlinreports.Theexplanationforthisparadoxmaybethatpeoplebecomelesssatisfiedovertimewithagivenlevelofincome.InEasterlin’sword:“Asincomesrise,theaspirationleveldoestoo,andtheeffectofthisincreaseinaspirationsistoinvalidatetheexpectedgrowthinhappinessduetohigherincome.”Moneycanbuyhappiness,Easterlinseemstobesaying,butonlyifone’samountsgetbiggerandotherpeoplearen’tgettingmore.HisanalysishelpstoexplainsociologistLeeRainwater’sfindingthatAmericans’perceptionoftheincome“necessarytogetalong”rosebetween1950and1986inthesameproportionasactualpercapitalincome.Wefeelrichifwehavemorethanourneighbors,poorifwehaveless,andfeelingrelativelywelloffisequatedwithbeinghappy.Easterlin’sfindingschallengepsychologistAbrahamMaslow’s“hierarchyofwants”asareliableguidetofuturehumanmotivation.Maslowsuggestedthataspeople’sbasicmaterialwantsaresatisfiedtheyseektoachievenonmaterialorspiritualgoals.ButEasterlin’sevidencepointstothepersistenceofmaterialism.Sciencehasdevelopednocureforenvy,soourwealthboostsourhappinessonlybrieflywhileshrinkingthatofourneighbors.ThustheoutlookforthefutureisgloomyinEasterlin’sview:“Thefuture,then,towhichtheearofmoderneconomicgrowthisleadingisoneofneverendingeconomicgrowth,aworldinwhichevergrowingabundanceismatchedbyeverrisingaspirations,aworldinwhichculturaldifferenceisleveledintheconstantracetoachievethegoodlifeofmaterialplenty,itisaworldfoundedonbeliefinscienceandthepowerofrationalinquiryandintheultimatecapacityofhumanitytoshapeitsowndestiny.Theironyisthatinthislastrespectthelessonofhistoryappearstobeotherwise:thatthereisnochoice.Intheend,itisnotthetriumphofhumanityovermaterialwants;rather,itisthetriumphofmaterialwantsoverhumanity.”
題目：Generally speaking, people（）. - A 、feel poor if they have less than many others
- B 、feel rich if they have more than many others
- C 、tend to equate being happy with their feeling relatively rich
- D 、tend to expect more if they are richer than their neighbors
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參考答案【正確答案：C】
文章第四段末句指出“人們通常把幸福感與相對(duì)富裕程度等同起來(lái)，若收入比鄰居多，則覺(jué)得自己富有；反之，則覺(jué)得自己貧窮，幸福感與相對(duì)富裕程度等同起來(lái)?！庇纱丝梢缘贸?，美國(guó)人在相對(duì)富裕的時(shí)候覺(jué)得自己幸福，故C項(xiàng)正確。
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