- 閱讀理解A
題干：Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies,televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat’swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheUSNationalAcademyofScienceslisted“biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors”asallplayingtheirparts.Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroublecomeswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality(因果關(guān)系）.SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement：“Atthistime,wellover1，000studies…pointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.”Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticians,andevendisputedthenumberofstudies(mostwerereviewarticlesandessays,theysaid).WhenJonathanFreedman,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofToronto,reviewedtheliterature,hefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenheweededout“themostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggression”，only28%supportedaconnection.Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent，shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread“aggressive”or“non-aggressive”wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologies，assumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled，drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse，thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.
題目：What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media and violence? - A 、More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.
- B 、It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled.
- C 、The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.
- D 、He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists.
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參考答案【正確答案：A】
觀點題。題干問的是作者自身對于這場媒體與暴力的關(guān)系問題的態(tài)度是什么。文中作者一一列出了各方的觀點, 在第五段后半部分和第六段，作者明確提出了兩種解決爭論的方法，即利用科學(xué)的研究方法進行論證，并且在結(jié)論出來之前，相應(yīng)地減少各類批評。所以說作者是支持在研究基礎(chǔ)上下結(jié)論的。所以選A選項。
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- A 、Very instructive
- B 、Very inspiring
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- A 、Continuing education is more important to a person's success.
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- B 、It evolves from common sense.
- C 、It is to be pursued.
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