- 閱讀理解A
題干：Publicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetweenscienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernment,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehavebroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments(病痛)，andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(難治療的）conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,thepoliticiansdemandofscientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”，thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Liketherestofus，theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatestpossiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring，creativespirit.Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousofconflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringusofthesafetyofaparticularproductholdsaconsultancywiththecompanymakingit，wecannotbeblamedforwonderingwhetherhisfeemightconceivablycloudhisprofessionaljudgment.Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm，somepeoplemanystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo，oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofsomehisresearchfunding.Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemavenal(可以收買的).Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements，butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample，isanuclearengineerdeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim，becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.
題目：Why does the author say that public distrust of scientists can have damaging effects? - A 、It makes things difficult for scientists seeking research funds.
- B 、People would not believe scientists even when they tell the truth.
- C 、It may dampen the enthusiasm of scientists for independent research.
- D 、Scientists themselves may doubt the value of their research findings.
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參考答案【正確答案：B】
推斷題。題干問的是“為什么公眾對于科學(xué)家的不信任會產(chǎn)生破壞性的影響?”根據(jù)題干信息提示定位在原文的第三段第二、三句話。這兩句的大意是這種不信任不但會質(zhì)疑從事一個奉理智上的誠實為至高無上的美德的人的正直，還可能會被懷有詆毀科學(xué)家的不良用心的人所利用, 會導(dǎo)致人們更加地?zé)o視真正的科學(xué)論斷。故選B選項。A選項“更加難尋找到研究資金”、C選項“澆滅科學(xué)家獨立研究的熱情”以及D選項“科學(xué)家會懷疑自己研究結(jié)果的價值”均屬于無中生有的推論，應(yīng)排除。
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