- 閱讀理解A
題干：Specialisationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecialisationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience：exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch，butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate，andreflectonthewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs，ontheotherhand，havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs，aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing，firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment，separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties，whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury，itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.
題目：The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as_____. - A 、sociology and chemistry
- B 、physics and psychology
- C 、sociology and psychology
- D 、physics and chemistry
掃碼下載億題庫
精準題庫快速提分
參考答案【正確答案：D】
推理題。第二段最后兩句指出， 19世紀專業(yè)化的發(fā)展，以及隨之而來的對訓(xùn)練的長期性和復(fù) 雜性的要求，對業(yè)余人員進入科學(xué)界造成了更大的困難。特別是在以數(shù)學(xué)或?qū)嶒炇矣?xùn)練為 基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，這種傾向自然最為明顯。四個選項中涉及社會學(xué)、化學(xué)、物理學(xué)和心理學(xué) 四個學(xué)科。根據(jù)常識, 物理學(xué)和化學(xué)均是以數(shù)學(xué)和實驗室訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)，而社會學(xué)和心 理學(xué)則不是。因此D選項正確。
您可能感興趣的試題- 1 【單選題】In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction，foresaw many of the technologicalwonders that are（）today.
- A 、transient
- B 、commonplace
- C 、implicit
- D 、elementary
- 2 【單選題】Picasso gained popularity in the mid-20th century, which was（）of a new attitude toward modern art.
- A 、informative
- B 、indicative
- C 、exclusive
- D 、expressive
- 3 【單選題】In the 19th century, it was the most handsome car that( ).
- A 、was ever built
- B 、had ever been built
- C 、has ever built
- D 、has ever been built
- 4 【閱讀理解A】 Psychological adulthood was more easily achieved in a more primitive society in that（）.
- A 、people had different sites of scientific interest
- B 、people did not have to respond to new situations
- C 、people had to live on their own after the initiation ceremonies
- D 、there was less instability during an individual’s lifetime
- 5 【閱讀理解A】Symantec might not block（）.
- A 、sex sites
- B 、violence site
- C 、gambling sites
- D 、shopping sites
- 6 【閱讀理解A】More and more young Europeans remain single because_____.
- A 、they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism
- B 、they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age
- C 、they have embraced a business culture of stability
- D 、they are pessimistic about their economic future
- 7 【閱讀理解A】The main idea of the passage might be_____.
- A 、female power and liberation in Norway
- B 、the significance of Henric Ibsen’s play
- C 、women’s status in Norwegian firms
- D 、the constitution of board members in Norway
- 8 【閱讀理解A】The direct reason for specialisation is_____.
- A 、the development in communication
- B 、the growth of professionalisation
- C 、the expansion of scientific knowledge
- D 、the splitting up of academic societies
- 9 【閱讀理解A】According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_____.
- A 、played a role in the spread of popular culture
- B 、became intimate shops for common consumers
- C 、satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite
- D 、owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
- 10 【閱讀理解A】What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
- A 、Lead your life as usual.
- B 、Seek professional help.
- C 、Exercise conscious control.
- D 、Avoid anxiety in the daytime.
熱門試題換一換
- The manager wants to employ an assistant that he can（）to take care of problems in his absence.
- 三位導(dǎo)師張教授、李教授、王教授和三位研究生：甲、乙、丙之間具有師生關(guān)系，每對師生在A、B、C三間工作室工作或研究。目前知道以下幾條線索：丙不是王教授的學(xué)生，也不在B工作室研究；張教授不是乙的導(dǎo)師，也不在A工作室工作；如果在A工作室研究是乙或丙，王教授就在C工作室工作；如果王教授是甲或乙的導(dǎo)師，李教授就不在A工作室工作。 根據(jù)以上信息，以下哪一項是真的（）。
- His grandmother( )for twenty years.
- 的定義域為（）。
- 若的解集為，則a=（）。
- 某單位有90人，其中有65人參加外語培訓(xùn)，72人參加計算機培訓(xùn)，已知參加外語培訓(xùn)而沒參加計算機培訓(xùn)的有8人，則參加計算機培訓(xùn)而沒參加外語培訓(xùn)的人數(shù)為（）。
- 不等式|x-2|-|x-4|＜a的解集為空集。（） （1）a=-2 （2）a＜-2
- Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
- What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices in the US?
億題庫—讓考試變得更簡單
已有600萬用戶下載
GZXp0