2020年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試《衛(wèi)生類(lèi)》考試共65題，分為單選題和多選題和判斷題和計(jì)算題和簡(jiǎn)答題和不定項(xiàng)。小編為您整理精選模擬習(xí)題10道，附答案解析，供您考前自測(cè)提升！

1、Cancer
Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body's basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Benign (良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (惡性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.
Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.
Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy （化療), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient's age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.
Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patient's tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.
Paragraph 2____.
【單選題】

A.Does cancer always cause pain

B.Can cancer be prevented

C.What is cancer

D.How common is cancer

E.What causes cancer

F.How is cancer treated

正確答案:E

答案解析:第二段主題句為第一句，其意思是：科學(xué)家研究證明，癌癥是由正常情況下控制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)和死亡的基因發(fā)生突變引起的。由此推斷，該段回答了E選項(xiàng)“What causes cancer?”所提問(wèn)題，故E為正確答案。

2、Cancer
Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body's basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Benign (良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (惡性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.
Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.
Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy （化療), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient's age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.
Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patient's tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.
Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without____.
【單選題】

A.prescription medicines

B.control or order

C.tolerance for pain

D.various factors

E.normal genes

F.different genes side effects

正確答案:B

答案解析:根據(jù)題干線(xiàn)索詞cells定位原文至第一段，其中最后兩句提到“Malignant（惡性的）tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order”，由此推斷，句中畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分即為題干所需添加成分。而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)control or order屬于原文復(fù)現(xiàn)，故為正確答案。

3、When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.
The process of vaccination allows the patient's body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body's immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease's defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient's immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.
There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient's death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately l in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3,000 Americans would be left dead.
Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970's, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.
What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?【單選題】

A.The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.

B.The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.

C.The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease.

D.The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.

正確答案:A

答案解析:細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題干問(wèn)的是“天花疫苗這個(gè)例子說(shuō)明了什么情況”。答案參見(jiàn)第三段：使用疫苗可能會(huì)帶來(lái)負(fù)面結(jié)果。故正確答案為A。選項(xiàng)B、C、D的內(nèi)容都不是這個(gè)例證所談?wù)摰挠^點(diǎn)。

4、Lower Body Fat Means Better Performance
These days, fashion models and pop stars are not the only people who have to watch their waistline. Football players who miss a few kicks and let their belly hanging out a little too much are likely to be attacked by rabid fans or even the president of a country.
The latest football star to draw the attention of the "fat police" is Barcelona's Ronaldinho, 26. Last Friday, a Spanish sports daily published two photos of the Brazilian star without his shirt. One was taken in November 2003; the other was taken this month. In the most recent one, the star's waistline seems to have a little extra padding.
Another Spanish sports daily published similar before-and-aider photos and argued that the star has "lost his explosiveness and velocity" and is "worn out". The cause, according to the news paper, is his poor physical fitness.
However, the player's coach, Frank Rijkaard, insists that he's satisfied with Ronaldinho's form and fitness. And after Barcelona's victory over Athletic Bibao on Sunday, Ronaldinho challenged photographers to take pictures of him when he took off his shirt.
"I don't have anything to hide," he said.
Fellow Brazilian ronaldo, 30, of Real Madrid, faced similar criticism before the 2006 World Cup. But the criticism didn't come from a bunch of sports reporters: It came from the president of Brazil.
"So, what is it?" Brazil's President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva asked the national soccer team's coach in his office last June, according to the Associated Press. "Is he [ronaldo]fat or not?"
"He is very strong, president," Carlos Alberto Parreira reportedly said at the time. "He is not that boy anymore. His body type has changed. "
The game of footfall demands that players put as much emphasis on fitness as they can do on dribbling, passing or shooting.
During a proper training regimen, football players normally follow a load-fatigue-recovery pattern. They push their body toward a higher mark of fitness and experience a slight and brief drop in performance. Then they begin the recovery process, which will ideally carry their performance to an even higher plane.
However, sometimes non-physical factors can influence a player's poor fitness. In Ronaldinho's case, for instance, people, often unnamed, have blamed everything from the pressure of contract negotiations to personal problems and too many advertising commitments.
People like football stars more than they like pop stars.
【單選題】

A.Right

B. Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:C

答案解析: 句子說(shuō)的是：比起流行歌曲歌星來(lái)，人們更喜歡球星。文章沒(méi)有提到。

5、I?was?shocked?when?I?saw?the?size?of?the?telephone?bill.【單選題】

A.surprised

B.lost

C.excite

D.angry

正確答案:A

答案解析:題干大意：當(dāng)我看到電話(huà)賬單的數(shù)目時(shí)，我震驚了。句中shock意為“震驚”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，surprise有驚訝的意思。lost作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有遺失、丟失的意思，用作形容詞有“遺失的”或“迷惑的”之意。如：We?share?our?house?with?people?who?lost their?home?or?shelter?for?any?reason.（我們與因任何原因失去家園和庇護(hù)所的人分享我們的房子。）excited意為“興奮的”；angry意為“氣憤的”。

6、TV Games Shows
One of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the "best sellers" list with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well known overnight.
This is the principle behind "quiz" or "game" shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for the prize and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars just for fun. But all of this money can create problems. For instance, in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the U. S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the show's producers, who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. Based on his story, a movie under the title " Quiz Show" is on 40 years later. Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.
One of the TV personalities, Charles Van Doren was proved to be cheating by persuading the Show's producers to give him the answers beforehand.
【單選題】

A. Right

B. Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:B

答案解析:該問(wèn)題句說(shuō)“Charles Van Doren被證明通過(guò)勸說(shuō)節(jié)目制作人事先給他答案來(lái)進(jìn)行欺騙”。答案查找的線(xiàn)索詞：Charles Van Doren(人名)和cheating(欺騙)。從第二段開(kāi)始查找，不難從第二段的第五行開(kāi)始找到含有Charles Van Doren的相關(guān)句，再找另一線(xiàn)索詞：cheating，于是又進(jìn)一步在該段找到直接相關(guān)行(7-10行)。對(duì)照原文和問(wèn)題句，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)原文是說(shuō)“為了吸引觀眾，節(jié)目制作人主動(dòng)把答案事先告訴Charles Van Doren”。所以該句說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。

7、The Value of Motherhood
In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying "a gift to thank her for her unselfish love". When you log onto a website, a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.
The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood. The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more enough to make her horrified.
____. They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No. 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested for disturbing the peace, interestingly.
But what's more, commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood. As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right." But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better.
being encouraged to pursue any career they desire. So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.
motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s. According to the Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.
So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people."
【單選題】

A.The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.

B.But what's more, commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood.

C.Obviously, the best girl will be a phone call or a visit.

D.According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.

E.As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.

F.In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.

正確答案:D

答案解析:第三段的第二個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)card（賀卡）這個(gè)詞。從主題發(fā)展來(lái)看，前一句中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)過(guò)這個(gè)詞，并且內(nèi)容更概括。唯有D中出現(xiàn)過(guò)這個(gè)詞并且論述概括，主意： 主題句的陳述總是一般的，因此選D。

8、We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.【單選題】

A.clear

B.regular

C.quick

D.great

正確答案:A

答案解析:我們已經(jīng)看到在對(duì)待社會(huì)問(wèn)題上我們態(tài)度的顯著變化。本題難度很大，考生要重點(diǎn)研究。本題考查引申意義。marked的引申意義指“顯著的”，和clear的引申意思“顯著的”是同義詞，D項(xiàng)great“極大的”干擾較大，有考生選擇D，但最佳答案是A。

9、 Happiness
If your sense of well-being fluctuates with stock market, you might be comforted to know that money can't buy you happiness anyway.
In one American study conducted in 1993, level of income was shown to have an inverse relation to happiness: The group whose income had declined was happier overall than the group whose income had increased. A soon-to-be published review of the hundreds of studies on this subject supports the 1993 findings.
In developed countries, the correlation between income and happiness is close to zero and sometimes negative.
With a correlation between level of income and happiness somewhere between 0.12 and 0.18, the United States is near the bottom of the list; that factors other than income are overwhelmingly more important in explaining happiness.
Also, as our material wealth increases, the gap between income and satisfaction with life seems to be widening. Predictably, money has its most positive effect on the poor, but once a person has achieved a minimal standard of living level of income has almost nothing to do with happiness.
Close relationship, rather than money, is the key to happiness. Indeed, the number of one's personal friends is a much better indicator of overall satisfaction with life than personal wealth. One stands a better chance of achieving a satisfying life by spending time with friends and family than by striving for higher income. Incidentally, in the US, as people become richer, the probability
of divorce increases.
Our need for companionship is partly biological. All primates respond with pleasure to demonstrations of affection and with pain to loss of companionship. Isolated monkeys will sacrifice food just for the glimpses of another monkey. By ignoring our biologically programmed need for each other, we risk physical and mental distress.
A recent cross-national study of mental depression in the US found that in advanced countries, there is a rising tide of major depression. Teenage suicides have increased in recent decades in almost all advanced countries. Moreover, in the US since World War Ⅱ, there has been an actual decline in the proportion of people who report themselves to be "very unhappy. "
You can easily test the claim that companionship exceeds wealth as a source of happiness. Ask yourself which has a greater influence on your satisfaction with life: your income or the affection of your intimate companions and the well-being of your children? Conversely, which would make you more depressed: a reduction in salary or a divorce and isolation from your friends?
Capitalism succeeds in creating material riches, but it is less successful in building companionable societies and protecting family integrity. But developing countries still have much work to do in pursuing material wealth, where a rise in productivity still greatly increases happiness. For poorer countries, the time is not yet ripe for a shift in priorities from wealth accumulation to companionship.
Can we afford to believe that the pursuit of material gain will lead to self-fulfillment? We should continue to enjoy our wealth in good company, or else we may find that it is not satisfying.
In the author's opinion, which of the following statements is not true?
【單選題】

A. Wealth means differently to the poor and the rich.

B.Money makes the poor and the rich equally happy.

C.Money means less to a person as he achieves a higher standard of living.

D.Money means more to the poor than to the rich.

正確答案:B

答案解析: 被選項(xiàng)中多處提到了“富人”和“窮人”，因此利用the poor和the rich作為答案線(xiàn)索，這樣在文章中找到了答案相關(guān)句： （第5段）Predictably，money has its most positive effect on the poor, but once a person achieved a minimal standard of living, level of income has almost nothing to do with happiness. 該句說(shuō)“可以預(yù)言的是，錢(qián)對(duì)窮人有最大的影響”從該句內(nèi)容可以推出這樣的語(yǔ)意：錢(qián)對(duì)窮人和富人的影響是不同的。A：錢(qián)對(duì)窮人具有的意義比對(duì)富人更大；D：但是一旦人達(dá)到了最低生活水平，他的收入水平與快樂(lè)就幾乎沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系了。該部分內(nèi)容與C一致（當(dāng)一個(gè)人達(dá)到了更高一些的生活水平，錢(qián)對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)所具有的意義就更小些），因此答案是B。

10、College Night Owls Have Lower Grades
College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls(晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.
They had 824 undergraduate(大學(xué)本科生的) students complete a health survey that in cluded questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs) than those who are night people.
"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co - author Daniet J. Taylor said in a prepared statement.
"Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (時(shí)間療法) to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types," Taylor said.
The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional (專(zhuān)業(yè)的) Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.
In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia (失眠) and a decline in college students' academic performance.
The study included 64 psychology, nursing and medical students, average age 27. 4 years, who were divided into two groups—low GPAs and high GPAs.
Among those with low GPAs,69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or twitches (痙攣) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep, and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
"In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study author Dr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic performance, including GPAs."
In the second study, students with low GPAs did NOT complain of ______.【單選題】

A.having trouble falling asleep

B.waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep

C.having difficulty concentrating during the day

D.being kicked in the leg at night

正確答案:D

答案解析:本題難度不大，答案依據(jù)比較明顯，答案依據(jù)是文章倒數(shù)第二段，本段談到了成績(jī)較低的學(xué)生中有53. 1%的人晚上會(huì)踢腿或痙攣，但沒(méi)有提到腿被踢，答案是D。