2022年職稱英語考試《理工類》考試共65題，分為單選題和多選題和判斷題和計算題和簡答題和不定項。小編每天為您準備了5道每日一練題目（附答案解析），一步一步陪你備考，每一次練習(xí)的成功，都會淋漓盡致的反映在分數(shù)上。一起加油前行。

1、Radiocarbon DatingNowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon (放射性碳), ｏｒcarbon - 14 dating. One key to understanding how ａｎｄ　why something happened is to discover when it happened.Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon -12, has six protons (質(zhì)子) ａｎｄ　six neutrons (中子) in its nucleus (原子核). Carbon - 14, ｏｒC - 14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons. It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay (衰減). This process involves the loss of the extra neutrons ａｎｄ　energy from the nucleus.In Libby\'s radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions(放射)from this decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detectｏｒａｎｄ　counter. The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C -14 atoms in the sample being dated.Carbon - 14 is produced in the Earth\'s atmosphere when nitrogen(氮) - 14, ｏｒN - 14, interacts with cosmic rays (宇宙射線). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C -14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C -14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful fｏｒdating items back to at least 50,000 years.All life on Earth is made of organic molecules (分子) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C -14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues (組織). Once an organism (有機體) dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, ａｎｄ　the C -14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C - 14 in the material decreases ａｎｄ　the ratio of C - 14 to other carbon atoms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C -14 atoms in a sample, the older that sample is.The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old.【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:B

答案解析:本題有一定難度，需要認真尋找答案依據(jù)。主要答案依據(jù)在文章第二段第一句：Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s談到放射性碳測定法源于20世紀40年代，顯然，早就超過了40年歷史，所以本題錯誤，答案是B。

2、The great change of the city astonished all the visitors.【單選題】

A.surprised

B.scared

C.excited

D.moved

正確答案:A

答案解析:這座城市發(fā)生的大變化使所有的參觀者驚訝。本題難度不大，干擾項干擾不強。astonished和surprised都可指“吃驚的”，B項指“使驚嚇”，最佳答案是A。

3、Weaving with LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico, the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did-without electricity. That\'s because it\'s too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live. To help support themselves, the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages. ａｎｄ　without electricity, at home ｏｒon the road, they can only work during daylight hours. When it gets dark, they must stop whatever they\'re doing.Now, a team of scientists, designers ａｎｄ　architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets. The scientists technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes, bags, ｏｒother items.By collecting the sun\'s energy during the day, these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night. Their inventors have named the fabrics "Portable Lights," Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world, says project leader Sheila Kennedy."Our invention," Kennedy says, "came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States ａｎｄ　move it into new markets fｏｒpeople who didn\'t have a lot of money."At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high - brightness light - emitting diodes, ｏｒHB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions ａｎｄ　streetlights.LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs. Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights. Inside, electricity heats a metal coil to about 2,200 degrees Celsius. At that temperature, bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights, however, is heat ａｎｄ　invisible. With all that wasted energy, bulbs burn out quickly. They are also easily broken.LEDs, on the other hand, are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure. When an electric current passes through an LED, the crystal structure produces light. Unlike incandescent bulbs, they can produce light of various colors. Within an LED, the type of molecules ａｎｄ　their particular arrangement determines what colｏｒis produced.The central part of the Portable Lights technology is ______.【單選題】

A.glass bulbs

B.digital clocks

C.incandescent lights

D.HB LEDs

正確答案:D

答案解析:本題有一定難度，關(guān)鍵在吃透句意，答案依據(jù)比較明顯，帶著題干信息詞回文章定位，答案依據(jù)主要在文章第五段第一句：At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high - brightness light - emitting diodes ｏｒHB LEDs。其中core和題干里的central part是同義詞，回來看選項，D項和原文句意相符，答案是D。

4、Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the last ten years.【單選題】

A.future

B.far

C.past

D.near

正確答案:C

答案解析:杰克把過去10年里攢的所有東西都收拾好打行李了。本題難度不大，干擾項干擾不強，是送分題。last和past都指“過去的”是同義詞，最佳答案是C。

5、The Book of LifeSo far, scientists have named about 1.6 million living species, ａｎｄ　that\'s a just a fraction of that probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals ａｎｄ　other creatures coveting the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg ｏｒwhat kind of bird is flying by.A soon - to - be - started Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of Web - based Encyclopedia of life( EOL). The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single, easy - to - use reference guide.To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific ｄａｔａｂａｓｅs that already exist. ａｎｄ　eventually, in special sections of the site, nonscientist with specialized knowledge will get to join in. Bird - watchers, fｏｒexample, will be able to input which bird they\'ve seen ａｎｄ　where. The technology fｏｒthis kind of tool has only become available.As the EOL develops, you might find it useful fｏｒschool projects. The site will feature special pages fｏｒkids who are studying ecosystems (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to choose to leave out pages that haven\'t been reviewed.Another convenient feature of the EOL is that you\'ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interest, age ａｎｄ　knowledge. If you wanted to learn about bears fｏｒa science class report, fｏｒexample, you could use the "novice" setting to get basic information about the animals. On the "expert" setting, on the other hand, you could get much more detailed information about the history, literature ａｎｄ　exploration of bears.It now takes years fｏｒscientist to collect all the data they need to describe ａｎｄ　analyze species. The creatｏｒof the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up that process."Spider" ａｎｄ　"bird" mentioned in Paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate ______.【單選題】

A.there are numerous living species on Earth

B.animals are people\'s friends

C.it is easy to see spiders ａｎｄ　birds

D.here are many types of spiders ａｎｄ　birds

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題有一定難度，帶著題干信息詞回文章定位，答案依據(jù)主要在文章第一段：So far, scientists have named about l.6 million living species, ...it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg ｏｒwhat kind of bird is flying by.談到了地球物種數(shù)量巨大，回來看選項，A項和原文句意相近，是答案。