2021年職稱英語考試《衛(wèi)生類》考試共65題，分為單選題和多選題和判斷題和計(jì)算題和簡答題和不定項(xiàng)。小編為您整理精選模擬習(xí)題10道，附答案解析，供您考前自測提升！

1、Nurse ! I Want My MummyWhen a child is ill in hospital, a parent\'s first reaction is to be with them.Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep overnight with their child, providing a bed or so far on the ward.But until the 1970s this ____ was not only frowned upon, it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children were upset when their parents left, and so there was a blanket ban.A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study "Nurse! I want my mummy" published in 1974 , changed the face of paediatric nursing.Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of nurses like Pamela had changed the face of patient care."Pamela\'s study was done against the background of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital. ""The idea was that if mum came to visit a small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable for hours. ""Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. ""Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that mum was eve coming back. ""To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit. ""But children were alone and depressed so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit. ""Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work had been seminal. ""Her research put an end to the days when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. ""As a result of her work, parents and careers are now recognized as partners and are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children whilst they are in hospital, which has dramatically improved both parents\' and children\'s experience of care. "【單選題】

A.order

B.thought

C.exercise

D.practice

正確答案:D

答案解析:此處應(yīng)指允許父母在醫(yī)院里陪孩子這種做法(practice)。

2、Fortunately, she managed to finish the work on time. 【單選題】

A.Happily

B.Luckily

C.Frankly

D.Honestly

正確答案:B

答案解析: fortunately和luckily意思相同，表示“幸運(yùn)地”；happily:幸福地、快樂地；frankly:坦白地、真誠地；honestly:誠實(shí)地。

3、When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient\'s body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body\'s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease\'s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient\'s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient\'s death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately l in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3,000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970\'s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is____.【單選題】

A.to comment and criticize

B.to demonstrate and argue

C.to interest and entertain

D.to explain and inform

正確答案:D

答案解析:主旨題。題干考查的是作者寫作本文的目的。通過閱讀整篇文章可以看出，作者的語氣是客觀的，主要是解釋和說明信息。選項(xiàng)D與此相符合，故正確答案為D。選項(xiàng)A和B屬于議論文的目的。本文是科普性文章，因此選項(xiàng)C“為了引起關(guān)注和娛樂”也不符合題意。

4、Gun Rights in the US Immediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn the dead. The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the grief. But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to own weapons. Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country ____ gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the few countries that seems unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it. In countries like Britain and Canada. The government adopted stricter gun control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held hostage by the gun lobby and the electoral system. The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun rights in the US, is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun controls anyway. Over the years, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power, not both; they prefer power. According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm incidents accounted for nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many don\'t want to give up their arms they keep to protect themselves. Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said. "If one professor in Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon they might have been able to stop all this. " In his opinion, the massacre is an argument for more people to carry, weapons, not fewer. But at the root of Americans\' clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of government , commented UK\'s Guardian newspaper. One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry; a concealed firearm, told the Guardian thin itwas every American\'s responsibility to have a gun. "Each person," he said, "should not rely solely on the government for protection. " 【單選題】

A.while

B.which

C.where

D.that

正確答案:C

答案解析:從所給的四個選項(xiàng)來看，它們都是從句連詞，因而關(guān)鍵要判斷出，橫線后面是一個什么樣的從句，橫線前面的句子是說： 美國不是唯一的一個國家…，每天，槍支暴力已經(jīng)毀滅了許多的生命、家庭和社區(qū)。從他們的關(guān)系，可以看出，后面的句子是一個定語從句，修飾country，而在后面的句子中，應(yīng)該是in the country，所以選擇關(guān)系副詞where=in which.

5、 Happiness If your sense of well-being fluctuates with stock market, you might be comforted to know that money can\'t buy you happiness anyway. In one American study conducted in 1993, level of income was shown to have an inverse relation to happiness: The group whose income had declined was happier overall than the group whose income had increased. A soon-to-be published review of the hundreds of studies on this subject supports the 1993 findings. In developed countries, the correlation between income and happiness is close to zero and sometimes negative. With a correlation between level of income and happiness somewhere between 0.12 and 0.18, the United States is near the bottom of the list; that factors other than income are overwhelmingly more important in explaining happiness. Also, as our material wealth increases, the gap between income and satisfaction with life seems to be widening. Predictably, money has its most positive effect on the poor, but once a person has achieved a minimal standard of living level of income has almost nothing to do with happiness. Close relationship, rather than money, is the key to happiness. Indeed, the number of one\'s personal friends is a much better indicator of overall satisfaction with life than personal wealth. One stands a better chance of achieving a satisfying life by spending time with friends and family than by striving for higher income. Incidentally, in the US, as people become richer, the probability of divorce increases. Our need for companionship is partly biological. All primates respond with pleasure to demonstrations of affection and with pain to loss of companionship. Isolated monkeys will sacrifice food just for the glimpses of another monkey. By ignoring our biologically programmed need for each other, we risk physical and mental distress. A recent cross-national study of mental depression in the US found that in advanced countries, there is a rising tide of major depression. Teenage suicides have increased in recent decades in almost all advanced countries. Moreover, in the US since World War Ⅱ, there has been an actual decline in the proportion of people who report themselves to be "very unhappy. " You can easily test the claim that companionship exceeds wealth as a source of happiness. Ask yourself which has a greater influence on your satisfaction with life: your income or the affection of your intimate companions and the well-being of your children? Conversely, which would make you more depressed: a reduction in salary or a divorce and isolation from your friends? Capitalism succeeds in creating material riches, but it is less successful in building companionable societies and protecting family integrity. But developing countries still have much work to do in pursuing material wealth, where a rise in productivity still greatly increases happiness. For poorer countries, the time is not yet ripe for a shift in priorities from wealth accumulation to companionship. Can we afford to believe that the pursuit of material gain will lead to self-fulfillment? We should continue to enjoy our wealth in good company, or else we may find that it is not satisfying. According to the author, which of the following is most likely to share our biological need for companionship besides the monkey?【單選題】

A. A swallow.

B.A pig.

C.An ape.

D.A dog.

正確答案:C

答案解析:根據(jù)常識來看，因?yàn)樵澈铮–與猴子最接近，所以推測C最可能是答案。結(jié)合段首句的內(nèi)容來看，這個句子是用作具體的例子例證“我們對友誼的需要有部分原因是出于動物的天性?！迸袛嘣摼淝熬渲刑岬降撵`長目（猴子也屬于靈長目）也應(yīng)該是用來例證的，因此判斷靈長目都應(yīng)該具有對友誼的生理需要，因此判斷C（猿猴）是答案。

6、In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.【單選題】

A.reduces

B.changes

C.leaves

D.drops

正確答案:B

答案解析:在這個過程中，光能轉(zhuǎn)化成熱能。converts指“轉(zhuǎn)變”，通常與to或者into搭配，和changes“變化”是近義詞，其他三項(xiàng)都是常用詞，和答案意義差異較大，干擾性不強(qiáng)。

7、Blasts from the Past 1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease. 2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. 3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. 4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover. 5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. 6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere. 7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall\'s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. 8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions. Paragraph 4____ 【單選題】

A.Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions

B.Association of Mass Extinction with Volcanic Eruption

C.Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions

D.A Mass Extinction

E.Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass Extinction

F.ccounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions

正確答案:D

答案解析:A mass extinction意為“一次大量的生物滅絕”。文章的第一句話是這么說的：Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. 火山在遠(yuǎn)古更具毀滅性。這是文章的基本論點(diǎn)或基本假設(shè)。假設(shè)是需要證明的。第二、三段其實(shí)都是在證明這一基本假設(shè)。第三段還有這樣一句話： older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recant rivals. 這個命題雖然可用來支持文章的基本假設(shè)，但是它本身也需要證明。第四段講的是二疊紀(jì)生物滅絕，這是發(fā)生在遠(yuǎn)古的大規(guī)模的生物滅絕。這是一個證據(jù)，因此D是正確的。

8、Such a database would be extremely costly to set up.【單選題】

A.establish

B.destroy

C.update

D.transfer

正確答案:A

答案解析:建這樣一個數(shù)據(jù)庫將耗資巨大。本題難度不大，是送分題目。set up，常用短語，指“建立”，和establish“建立”是同義詞，B項(xiàng)指“破壞”，C項(xiàng)指“更新”，D項(xiàng)指“轉(zhuǎn)換”，干擾不強(qiáng)。

9、She stood there, shaking with fury.【單選題】

A.mystery

B.laughter

C.anger

D.cry

正確答案:C

答案解析:她站在那，氣得發(fā)抖。本題難度不大，考察的是基本意義，干擾項(xiàng)干擾不大，fury和anger都有“憤怒，生氣”的意思，是近義詞，其他選項(xiàng)都是常用詞匯，和答案意義差異大，最佳答案是C。

10、Your eternal boasting annoys everyone.【單選題】

A.unchangeable

B.everlasting

C.boring

D.monotonous

正確答案:B

答案解析:eternal和everlasting都可以表示“永恒的、永遠(yuǎn)的”；unchangeable:不變的；boring:令人厭煩的；monotonous:單調(diào)的。