2021年職稱英語(yǔ)考試《衛(wèi)生類》考試共65題，分為單選題和多選題和判斷題和計(jì)算題和簡(jiǎn)答題和不定項(xiàng)。小編為您整理精選模擬習(xí)題10道，附答案解析，供您考前自測(cè)提升！

1、Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago, life expectancy in developed countries was about 47 in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest killers of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and oftenhighly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far less deadly today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factors have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which ____ bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations against common diseases. In addition , people\'s general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food, better and warmer housing, and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those spread by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leading to more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.【單選題】

A.makes

B.causes

C.make

D.from

正確答案:C

答案解析:注意這里的which不是非限制定語(yǔ)從句中指代前面一句話的作用，而是指代前面兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容：衛(wèi)生的改善和抗生素的發(fā)明使用，所以which后的動(dòng)詞不用三單形式。cause沒有這樣的語(yǔ)法搭配。

2、Happy Marriage, Happy HeartHappily married people have lower blood pressure than unhappily married people or singles, a Brigham Young University study says.On the other hand, even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit for singles or unhappily married people, according to the study."There seems to be some unique health benefits from marriage. It\'s not just being named that benefits health-what\'s really the most protective of health is having a happy marriage," study author Julianne Holt Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health, said in a prepared statement.The study included 204 married and 99 single adults who wore portable blood - pressure monitors for 24 hours. The monitors recorded blood pressure at random intervals and provided a total of about 72 readings."We wanted to capture participants\' blood pressure doing whatever they normally do in everyday life. Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really representative of the fluctuations (波動(dòng)) that occur throughout the day," Holt Lunstad said.Overall, happily married people scored four points lower on the blood pressure readings than single adults. The study also found that blood pressure among married people, especially those in happy marriages dropped more during sleep than in single people."Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high throughout the night are at much greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops," Holt Lunstad said.The study was published in the March 20 ____ of the journal Annals (年刊) of Behavioral Medicine.The study also found that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than both happily married and single adults.Holt Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one another, such as eating a healthy diet and having regular doctor visits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support, she said. 【單選題】

A.page

B.number

C.copy

D.issue

正確答案:D

答案解析:本題有一定難度，考查詞義辨析。英文里表示出版雜志的第幾期，要用名詞issue，答案是D。

3、Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.【單選題】

A.damaged

B.shaken

C.fallen

D.jumped

正確答案:A

答案解析:數(shù)百座樓房在地震中被毀壞。本題難度不大，考察的是單詞的基礎(chǔ)含義，干擾項(xiàng)干擾不強(qiáng)，wrecked指“毀壞”，和damaged“毀壞”是同義詞，shaken“搖動(dòng)”，fallen，意為“趺落”，都不是最佳答案，答案是A。

4、He\'s?spent?years?cultivating?knowledge?of?art.【單選題】

A.sharing

B.using

C.denying

D.developing

正確答案:D

答案解析:題干大意：他花費(fèi)多年時(shí)間來(lái)培養(yǎng)藝術(shù)認(rèn)知。cultivate意為“培養(yǎng)”，如：I?will?cultivate?the?habit?of?laughter.（我要培養(yǎng)笑的習(xí)慣。）share意為“分享”，如：?We?used?to?share?everything.（我們?cè)?jīng)分享一切。）use意為“使用”，如：use?your?mind（動(dòng)動(dòng)腦子）。deny意為“否定”，如：Can?you?deny?the?truth?of?his?statement?（你能否認(rèn)他聲明的真實(shí)性嗎？）develop意為“發(fā)展”，最符合題意，如：develop?a?love?for?music（培養(yǎng)對(duì)音樂的喜愛）。

5、When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient\'s body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body\'s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease\'s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient\'s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient\'s death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately l in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3,000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970\'s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.The best title for the text may be____.【單選題】

A.“Vaccinations: A Blessing or A Curse”

B.“Principles of Vaccinations”

C.“Vaccines: Methods and Implications”

D.“A Miracle Cure Under Attack”

正確答案:C

答案解析:主旨題。選項(xiàng)C“疫苗：方法和內(nèi)在含義”充分地概括說(shuō)明了文章的主旨大意；而選項(xiàng)A、B、D均只涉及原文中的部分內(nèi)容，以偏賅全，不能包含文章的全部?jī)?nèi)容。故正確答案為C。

6、MemoriesMost episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You are supposed to remember something, but you haven\'t encoded it deeply."____. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don\'t pay attention to what you did because you are involved in a conversation, you will probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn\'t failing you," says Schacter. " Rather, you didn\'t give your memory system the information it needed. "Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. " Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Sclnacter." But be sure the cue is clear and available.,"he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table don\'t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you are there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you will likely remember.【單選題】

A.Encoding, Schacter says, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later

B.Rather, you didn\'t give your memory system the information it needed

C.The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you will likely remember

D.They are more interested in what\'s happening around them

E.But be sure the cue is clear and available.

F.Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness

正確答案:A

答案解析:上一段的結(jié)尾提到了“編碼”的問(wèn)題，而空白處的后一句話同樣有encode字樣出現(xiàn)，那么很有可能需要填入的句子也是關(guān)于encode的。選項(xiàng)中只有A符合要求。所選句給encoding下了定義，是這一段的主題句。該句中包含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞that指代的是way，it指代的是event。

7、Importance of Children\'s Oral HealthFebruary is National Children\'s Dental(牙齒的) Health Month, but in children good oral(口部的) care is critical every day. The first comprehensive study on the nation\'s oral health, released recently by the Office of the U. S. Surgeon General, calls dental and oral diseases a "silent epidemic (流行病)", even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental - related illness. In fact, a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among American children.To help counter this, the American Academy of Periodontology (牙周病學(xué)) (AAP) is launching an effort to educate children and parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children."This is important because oral problems can impact self - esteem for children and lead to problems of eating, speaking and attending to learning," said Michael McGuire, president of the AAP.Common dental problems seen in children are cavities (齲洞) and gingivitis (齦炎), which are found in the majority of U. S. children. "When these problems are not caught early and treated, they can develop into more severe problems and cause unnecessary suffering," said McGuire. "However, much of the time, oral problems are avoidable problems."In the Rio Grande Valley in Texas, a group of more than 120 dentists(牙醫(yī)) volunteers to deliver dental care to thousands of low - income children each year with its Mobile Dental Unit that travels from school to school."According to the Surgeon General\'s Report, about 37 percent of children have not had a dental visit before starting school," said McGuire. When children don\'t see dentists, they miss the opportunity to have problems caught early before they develop into larger, more expensive problems to treat, and parents miss the opportunity to learn how to promote good oral habits in their children.Oral problems in children can develop into more severe problems.【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題難度不大，答案依據(jù)比較明顯，帶者題干信息詞回文章定位，答案依據(jù)在文章第四段第二句：When these problems are not caught early and treated，they can develop into more severe problem and cause unnecessary suffering談到這些問(wèn)題如果沒能及早發(fā)現(xiàn)和治療，會(huì)發(fā)展成更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，所以本題和原文句意相符，答案是A。

8、Such a database would be extremely costly to set up.【單選題】

A.establish

B.destroy

C.update

D.transfer

正確答案:A

答案解析:建這樣一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)將耗資巨大。本題難度不大，是送分題目。set up，常用短語(yǔ)，指“建立”，和establish“建立”是同義詞，B項(xiàng)指“破壞”，C項(xiàng)指“更新”，D項(xiàng)指“轉(zhuǎn)換”，干擾不強(qiáng)。

9、Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago, life expectancy in developed countries was about 47 in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest ____ of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and oftenhighly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far less deadly today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factors have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations against common diseases. In addition , people\'s general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food, better and warmer housing, and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those spread by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leading to more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.【單選題】

A.people

B.killers

C.invention

D.nation

正確答案:B

答案解析:從下一句可以看出此處應(yīng)指那些不治之癥。

10、Surprised by a MiracleI had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a "coma" patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. "Following commands" is what we call it. Often it\'s "wishful thinking" on the Families\' part. Nurses can easily become callous to it.On this particular night during visiting hours, my patient\'s wife came in. I had taken care of him for several nights. I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didn\'t do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning.His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool. I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, "Donna, he\'s moving his hand!"I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, "I asked him to squeeze my hand and he did!"This led me to another train of questioning. "But, did he let go when you asked him to?" She said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked.I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify her than to make her think I didn\'t believe her or that she was somehow mistaken.She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did. I said, "Well, ask him to let go. " He continued to squeeze for a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didn\'t believe that he had done it on purpose. So, I said, "Ask him to hold up one finger. " He did as asked.Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen and his eyes still closed. "Stick out your tongue!" I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone "wake up. "How did the author feel upon first hearing what the excited wife said?【單選題】

A.She was amused.

B.She was doubtful.

C.She was scared.

D.She was shocked.

正確答案:B

答案解析:短文的第三段的頭一句話表明，作者開始基本上不相信病人家屬所說(shuō)的話。