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Absolute and Comparative Advantage

幫考網(wǎng)校2020-08-06 15:04:46

Absolute Advantage:
Absolute advantage refers to a situation where a country can produce a good or service with fewer resources than another country. In other words, it is the ability of a country to produce a particular good or service more efficiently than another country. A country with an absolute advantage can produce more of a particular good or service with the same amount of resources or produce the same amount of a good or service with fewer resources.

For example, if Country A can produce 100 units of wheat with 10 acres of land, while Country B can produce only 50 units of wheat with the same amount of land, then Country A has an absolute advantage in wheat production.

Comparative Advantage:
Comparative advantage refers to a situation where a country can produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another country. In other words, it is the ability of a country to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another country. Opportunity cost refers to the cost of giving up one good or service to produce another.

For example, if Country A can produce 100 units of wheat or 50 units of cotton with 10 acres of land, while Country B can produce 50 units of wheat or 50 units of cotton with the same amount of land, then Country A has a comparative advantage in wheat production, while Country B has a comparative advantage in cotton production. This means that Country A should specialize in wheat production and trade with Country B for cotton, while Country B should specialize in cotton production and trade with Country A for wheat.