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托福聽力：地理冒險。

Good morning， class. Before we begin today， I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture. As you may recall， last time I mentioned that Robert E. Peary was the first person to reach the North Pole. What I neglected to mention was the controversy around Peary‘s pioneering accomplishment. In 1910， a committee of the national geographical society examined Commodore Peary’s claim to have reached the North Pole on April 6th‘ 1909 and found no reason to doubt him. This judgment was actually confirmed by a committee of the US congress in 1911. Nevertheless， Peary’s claim was surrounded by controversy. Tins was largely due to the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole a four-year earlier. Over the decades Peary was given the benefit of the doubt， but critics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered. So the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Peary‘s polar expedition. The documents supposed Peary’s claims about the distances he covered. After also conducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Peary at the pole， they concluded that Pierre and his companions did in fact reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th. 1909. OK， today we‘re going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world， I assume you all read chapter 3 in our text and are now familiar with the names： Emerson and Scott.

托福聽力：噪音影響。

I‘m grad to see so many of you here. We’ve become really alarmed over the health center by the number of students we are seeing， who are experiencing hearing loss. First， I want to go over some basic about hearing. Then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. The leading cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average person can here. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren‘t harmful. That’s noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels， especially with continuous exposure， may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you are up to around 140 decibels， that‘s like a jet plane taking off， then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearing’s at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this handout， we can take a look at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now， let‘s try to generate a list of damaging noises.

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