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五、實(shí)例講解

例3：

In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the early postwar era, there was a quite widespread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction.

Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone awry. Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the following warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.

1.What is the main purpose of this passage?

A. To look back to the early days of computers.

B. To explain what technical problems may occur with computers.

C. To discourage unnecessary investment in computers.

D. To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.

2.According to the passage, initial concerns about computers were that they might_____

A. lead us into the post-war era

B. be quite widespread

C. take control

D. take over routine tasks

3.The passage recommends those dealing with computers to_____

A. be reasonably skeptical abort them

B. check all their answers

C. substitute them for basic thinking

D. use them for business purposes only

4.An “internal computer” is_____

A. a computer uses exclusively by one company for its own problems

B. a person\'s store of knowledge and the ability to process it

C. the most up-to-date in-house computer a company can buy

D. a computer from the post-war era which is very reliable

5.The passage suggests that the present-day problem with regard to computers is_____

A. challenging

B. psychological

C. dramatic

D. malfunctioning

[難點(diǎn)]

1.widespread 普遍的，廣泛的

2.relieve 減輕，解除，使得到解脫

3.dramatic 引人注目的，突然的

4.foreseen 預(yù)見的，預(yù)知的

5.reluctant 不情愿的，不愿意的

6.authority 權(quán)威

7.malfunction 發(fā)生故障，發(fā)生功能障礙

8.invest 投資;花錢買;耗費(fèi)，投入

9.rely on 依賴，依靠

10.go awry 出岔子，失敗;(人)背離正道

11.substitute 代替物，代用器

[答案]

1.D

考點(diǎn)：這是一道典型的文章主旨題。

解析：文章分析了人們過(guò)分依賴電子計(jì)算機(jī)這一問(wèn)題，在結(jié)尾向人們提出了忠告：盡管電子計(jì)算機(jī)可以提供各種幫助，但是它不應(yīng)被視為代替人們基本思維和推理的東西。文章主要目的是警告人們?cè)谛睦砩蠈?duì)計(jì)算機(jī)不要采取懶惰的態(tài)度。

2.C

考點(diǎn)：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。

解析：?jiǎn)栴}的答案在文章的第一句之中：“In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the early postwar era, there was a quite widespread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.”(在計(jì)算機(jī)歷史的前期即戰(zhàn)后初期，人們普遍擔(dān)心計(jì)算機(jī)可以能會(huì)代替人類統(tǒng)治世界)選項(xiàng)C與這一句的含義完全一致，故為正確答案。

3.A

考點(diǎn)：這是一道推斷題。

解析：文章第二段第二句說(shuō)：“Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days.”由此我們可以推斷出，文章建議那些與計(jì)算機(jī)打交道的人應(yīng)該對(duì)它們采取合理的懷疑態(tài)度。

4.B

考點(diǎn)：這是一道理解題

解析：理解：“internal computer”的含義的關(guān)鍵是確定“internal”的意思。這個(gè)詞幾個(gè)基本含義：內(nèi)部的，體內(nèi)的，內(nèi)在的。從它所在的上下文來(lái)看，它的意思是：“體內(nèi)的”?！?span lang="EN-US">internal computer”是一種比喻說(shuō)法，指人的大腦，它比計(jì)算機(jī)更聰明、更復(fù)雜，具有儲(chǔ)存知識(shí)和運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力。因此，選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。

5.B

考點(diǎn)：這是一道推斷題。

解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容我們得知，當(dāng)今電子計(jì)算機(jī)的問(wèn)題既不是令人深思的也不是容易出故障。而選項(xiàng)C與文章內(nèi)容不符。它的問(wèn)題是人們?cè)谛睦砩线^(guò)分信賴它，對(duì)它的能力毫不懷疑。因此選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。

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