2019年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試《綜合類(lèi)》考試共65題，分為單選題。小編為您整理閱讀理解分析5道練習(xí)題，附答案解析，供您備考練習(xí)。

1、Culture
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald's. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
According to Fortune, successful international companies ____.【單選題】

A.earn 20 percent or overseas

B.all have the quality of patience

C.will follow the overseas local cultures

D.adopt the policy of internationalization

正確答案:B

答案解析:意為“都具有耐心這一素質(zhì)”。公司的海外收入都占總收入的20%或以上。它們也不一定全都接納海外的當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?，或是采納國(guó)際化策略。

2、Pronouncing a Language
Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is an expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even fairly proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the basic reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do native language is that they fail to understand the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill----one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be gained by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while realizing the importance of a good accent, often neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.
Besides this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.
It is also possible to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students' pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.
What are the three important requirements for teachers in teaching?【單選題】

A.Attention, information, technique.

B.Time, knowledge, attention.

C.Time, knowledge, technique.

D.Information, technique, a clear mental picture.

正確答案:C

答案解析:第2段的意思是除了留出時(shí)間練習(xí)發(fā)音外，還有兩個(gè)要求：其一是知識(shí)，其二是技巧，因此答案是C。

3、Electric Backpack
Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you don't mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home.
Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass, have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, night-vision goggles, and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpack's electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearer's load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9, Science.
The backpack's electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearer's back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7. 4 watts.
Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the pack's oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack.
The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs aren't on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!
According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?【單選題】

A.To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.

B.To put the backpack on the market.

C.To test the advantage of the backpack.

D.To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.

正確答案:B

答案解析:第4段最后一句的意思是：Rome計(jì)劃將這種背包商業(yè)化，即推向市場(chǎng)。A、C、D在文中均未提到。D的意思是為背包做廣告。

4、The State of Marriage Today
Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital (婚外的) affairs will be even more common than now.
But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy (明暗的)? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands－as they usually didn't have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well－paying jobs, this is no longer the case, So they don't feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.
In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic (悲觀的) as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now simply live together and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriages survive.
So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!
Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage? ____
【單選題】

A.It is important to discover what makes a marriage successful.

B.Marriage has long been partly an economic need.

C.It is a fact that most people choose to get married.

D.Many people went abroad after divorce.

正確答案:D

答案解析:本題難度也不大，但是需要考生認(rèn)真通讀全文，讀完后可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章并沒(méi)有提到人們離婚后出國(guó)，所以答案是D。

5、One-Room Schools
One-room schools are part of the heritage of the United States, and the mention of them makes people feel a longing for "the way things were." One - room schools are an endangered species (種類(lèi)), however. For more than a hundred years, one - room schools have been systematically shut down and their students were sent away to centralized schools. As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one - room schools in the United States. By 1970 there were 1,800. Today, of the nearly 800 remaining one - room schools, more than 350 are in Nebraska. The rest are spread through a few other states that have on their road maps wide - open spaces between towns.
Now that there are hardly any left, educators are beginning to think that maybe there is something yet to be learned from one - room schools, something that served the pioneers that might serve as well today. Progressive educators have come up with new names like "peer - group teaching" and "multi - age grouping" for educational procedures that occur naturally in the one - room schools. In a one - room school the children teach each other because the teacher is busy part of the time teaching someone else. The fourth grader can work at the fifth grade level in math and the third grade level in English without the bad name associated with being left back or the pressures of being skipped (超過(guò)) ahead. A youngster with a learning disability can find his or her own level without being separated from other pupils. A few hours in a small school that has only one classroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska is that their children have to go to a one - room school.
A major characteristic of the one - room school system is that ____.【單選題】

A.learning is not limited to one grade level

B.pupils mostly study math and English

C.some children have to be left back

D.teachers are always busy

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題有一定的難度，考生不太好定位，需要認(rèn)真讀第二段找答案。第二段第四句話(huà)談到，大教室學(xué)校的不同年級(jí)的學(xué)生要相互教對(duì)方，因?yàn)槔蠋煵煌５孛τ诮唐渌昙?jí)的學(xué)生，換句話(huà)說(shuō)，不同年級(jí)的學(xué)生要在一個(gè)大教室里學(xué)習(xí)。回來(lái)看選項(xiàng)，A是近義解釋?zhuān)亲罴汛鸢?。做本題時(shí)可以先看選項(xiàng)，得到信息提示。