2019年職稱英語(yǔ)考試《綜合類》考試共65題，分為單選題。小編為您整理歷年真題10道，附答案解析，供您考前自測(cè)提升！

1、U. S. to Start $3. 2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A study that will cost $3. 2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of100,000 U. S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U. S. government＇s National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost$3. 2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term , what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation＇s health care costs," Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH＇s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheid of the NIH, who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.
It is expected that through the study the nation＇s health care costs____.【單選題】

A.will be lowered in the long run.

B.will be significantly increased.

C.will be more than $200 million.

D.will reach $3. 2 billion.

正確答案:A

答案解析:短文的第6段說(shuō)到，預(yù)計(jì)從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度講，此項(xiàng)研究將有利于國(guó)家衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用開(kāi)支的節(jié)約。

2、A New Doctors＇ Dilemma
When Christian Barnard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate on the ethics of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donor gave his or her heart, he or she would obviously and necessarily die (or be dead). Kidney transplants, which were already quite common in 1967, often involved the transfer of a single kidney from a close living relative. The chances of survival of the donor were somewhat diminished because he now had only one kidney and if that kidney were affected by disease, he would not have a healthy kidney in reserve. Nevertheless, the donor would certainly not necessarily die.
Undoubtedly, another reason why the first heart transplant was so controversial was the fact that we associate so many personality traits with the heart. Questions were asked of the type: "If a person had a different heart, would he still be the same person?", or "If doctors needed a dying person＇s heart, would they tend to declare him dead prematurely?", and so on.
Today, not only hearts and kidneys, but also such extremely delicate organs as lungs and livers, are transplanted. These developments have led to a far higher or proportion of successful operations and this, in turn, has led to greater demand for transplants. At the same time, many of the original moral questions surrounding heart transplants have been almost forgotten.
However, as a result of the heavy demand for organs, a new moral dilemma has emerged. For example, in the United States there are many people who would survive iflungs were available for transplanting. In fact, about 80% of them die before a suitable donor is found. In these circumstances who would decide if a donor were found whose lungs were equally suitable for two potential recipients?
This problem is made worse by the fact that many patients, or their families, become desperate to find a donor. Some succeed in publicizing their situation in newspapers, to politicians or on television. Sometimes, as a result, suitable donors are found. But what would happen if another patient needed the organ more than the one who got the publicity? Who would decide if the other patient should get the organ? Would it be the doctors? Or the donor? Or the family who got the publicity? If such a dilemma developed it would be very difficult to resolve and it would be a matter of life or death to the patients involved.
How do you think the dilemma will develop?【單選題】

A.The dilemma will remain unresolved.

B.The public will demand a fair resolution.

C.Those who are more desperate to find a donor will always be successful.

D.The doctors will have the final say.

正確答案:A

答案解析:文章沒(méi)有提出解決辦法，因此選A。

3、Pronouncing a Language
Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is an expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even fairly proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the basic reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do native language is that they fail to understand the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill----one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be gained by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while realizing the importance of a good accent, often neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.
Besides this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.
It is also possible to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students＇ pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.
What does a student who masters correct speech habits depend on?【單選題】

A.The teacher＇s proper teaching technique

B.The learning of grammar .

C.The knowledge of spelling

D.The teacher＇s teaching method for pronunciation

正確答案:D

答案解析:根據(jù)最后一段提到“除非老師……，否則對(duì)學(xué)生發(fā)音訓(xùn)練的指導(dǎo)就不會(huì)有大用處，用在發(fā)音訓(xùn)練上花的時(shí)間就是浪費(fèi)”。這句話的意思說(shuō)的更明確些就是，教師的授課技巧，因此答案是D。

4、Education
When a teacher finds a way to make a real difference in the students＇ lives that＇s what education is all about. Let me tell you a story. Back in 1944 we had a new student named Roger, he was the first black student in our school, and everyone ____ . The other kids weren＇t bad children; they were just copying their parents, and well, I＇m afraid most of their parents had some pretty ignorant views on the subject of black people . But as you know, when you＇re twelve years old, you＇re just starting to have your own opinions about things, and I knew this could be a very important moment in their education. I knew I could make a real difference, not only to little Roger , but to all the other kids, too, if just handled it the right way.
I decided I had to try to make Roger into someone special. Not like a teacher＇s pet, I wanted the other children to start seeing him as a human being , not just a dark shape in the back of the room. So I went after him with questions in every class. He was a bright little boy, so it was easy enough for me to establish him as a smart person with real value. I was pretty pleased, because I could see Roger becoming more confident, and although the other kids were still not very friendly, at least they stopped being so nasty to him.
But you know what really changed everything? One day I could see Roger＇s mind was wandering: and without thinking I threw an eraser in his direction. I only meant to get his attention, but the eraser hit his hand and sent his pencil flying. The whole class roared! And afterwards, of course, all the kids went up to Roger to laugh with him about it . That＇s how he became an individual, someone special, to talk to and make friends with and that＇s how I became "Dead - Eye Bean".
【單選題】

A.was giving him a hard time

B.had some pretty ignorant views on the subject of black people

C.while they were enjoying the same class

D.not only to little Roger

E.start seeing him as a human being

F.all the kids went up to Roger to laugh with him about it

正確答案:B

答案解析:空格前說(shuō)的是，“他是我們學(xué)校的第一個(gè)黑人學(xué)生”，因此其他的學(xué)生一定會(huì)欺負(fù)他、輕視他，因?yàn)檫@是發(fā)生在1944年的事情。對(duì)照后面的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)，A正好把這句話補(bǔ)充完整。

5、Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis.【單選題】

A.lived on

B.depended on

C.believed in

D.joined in

正確答案:B

答案解析:顯然這些人在危機(jī)關(guān)頭值得依靠。本題有一定難度，考查的是基本意義，C項(xiàng)的干擾最大，有些考生因受漢語(yǔ)思維影響而選了C，rely on和depend on都有“依靠”意思，是近義詞，常用過(guò)去式，C項(xiàng)believe in指“相信”，和答案意義有差異，最佳答案是B。

6、Money or Friendship or Both
1. Friends and money don＇t mix. It＇s a dangerous combination since a fight over money is one of the fastest ways to end a friendship. But what if a friend asks you to tend him or her some money? If you don＇t lend your friend the money, you risk losing the friend. If you do lend your friend the money, you risk losing both the friendship and your money.
2. We have to face facts, so here are some situations you might run across with your buddies (伙伴) and some helpful tips (忠告) on how to deal with them. Thinking about why this person needs to borrow in the first place. If he is always living beyond his means, it is his fault, not yours. Any Sensible person would not put himself in a position of debt so often. So simply say "no" to this friend. Even if your friend really needs that money for emergency use and you are willing to help him, before you dive into your pocket, follow this reality check: Do you have the extra money? Are you sure you don＇t need it? Are you willing to write off that amount if it＇s not returned? If your answers are negative, do yourself a favor and say "no".
3. Let＇s assume you can＇t stand saying "no" to your friend because you don＇t want him living off cat food. What do you do? Write down these details on a sheet of paper before opening up your wallet:
Amount of the loan.
Date of the loan.
Time of repayment.
Amount of interest (if any).
Lender＇s and borrower＇s signature.
This will at least keep the borrower from forgetting the loan so easily, If your friend＇s loan is past due, it＇s important that you ask him－and it＇s actually not rude. The longer you wait, the more you are brood (憂傷), and the more your resentment builds.
4. You can send him a friendly reminder via E - mail. Tell him something like "I＇m going over my bank account and I＇m just wondering when we＇ll be able to settle that money thing." E - mail saves you from an uncomfortable face - to - face confrontation. There is almost no chance of turning a bad reaction into an argument. Unlike a public conversation, an E - mail message will always be private.
5. After asking two or three times, you might have to write it off. That＇s what happens. If he just doesn＇t have the money or is unwilling, then what kind of friend is that?
Paragraph 3 ____
【單選題】

A.Time to Break off a Friendship

B.Unconditional Assistance to Friends in Need

C.Things to Consider When You Have to Say "No" to Your Friend

D.Things to Think over When You Don＇t Want Your Friend to Eat Cat Food

E.Strategies for Borrowing Money

F.Advantages of E - mail in Handling Money Issues

正確答案:D

答案解析:本題有一定的難度，主旨句似乎不好確認(rèn)，但實(shí)際上可以把第三段的前三句概括成一句主旨句。第三段主要談到如果你不能不跟朋友說(shuō)“不”的話，在借他錢時(shí)考慮幾件事情?；貋?lái)看選項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)Things to Think over When You Don＇t Want Your Friend to Eat Cat Food，就是對(duì)本段的概括，所以答案是D。

7、March Madness
For the rest of the month, an epidemic (流行病) will sweep across the US. It will keep kids stay home from school. College students will ignore piles of homework. Employees will suddenly lose their abilities to concentrate.
The disease, known as "March Madness", refers to the nearly 65 teams in US men＇s college basketball tournament, it begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April. Teams compete against each other in a single elimination tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.
Nearly 20 million Americans will become the prisoners of basketball festival madness.
The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game. Friends compete against friends, husbands against wives, and colleagues against bosses.
Big name schools are usually favored to advance into the tournament. But each year there are dark horses from little - known universities.
This adds to the madness. Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000, for many Americans, is an exciting experience. Last year the little - known George Mason University was one of the final four teams. Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament.
College basketball players are not paid, so the game is making a name for their university and themselves. But ft doesn＇t mean money isn＇t involved. About $ 4 billion will be spent gambling on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will draw over $ 500 million in advertising revenue this year, topping the post - season revenue, including the NBA (全國(guó)籃球協(xié)會(huì)).
Which statement about the epidemic is NOT true? ____【單選題】

A.It occurs every fourth year.

B.It starts on March 15.

C.It is known as "March Madness".

D.It lasts through the beginning of April.

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題難度不大，答案依據(jù)比較明顯。第二段第一句出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞yearly，指“每年地”，即比賽是每年舉辦一次，所以正確答案是A。

8、Some Unusual Celebrations
Some holidays are well - known all around the world. Among them are New Year＇s Eve Celebrations. Also days are common in honor of love and friendship, like Valentine＇s Day. Each country has its own special holidays too, to mark important events in its history. Schools, banks, and government offices all close on days like these. Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious. A few of them are really very strange.
Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Consider April Fool＇s Day, for example. No one knows when or why it began. Today it is celebrated in many countries－France, England, and Australia, etc. On this day, people play practical jokes. Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh. The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?
Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange, too. On this day, it is traditional for boys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part: they do it to girls they like.
Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city or town. A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more than 200,000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. Then begins the world＇s biggest food fight. For two hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to toe.
August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair, an Irish festival with a very unusual tradition. People from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. ____
There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one person gets an idea for a new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one on February 9. That is supposed to be Toothache Day.
Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? If you do, then you will want to mark March 26 on your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.
【單選題】

A.They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, and make him king for three days.

B.Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious.

C.That is supposed to be Toothache Day.

D.Then begins the world＇s biggest food fight.

E.Some people have fun imagining new holidays.

F.Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh.

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題有一定難度，文章此處討論的是愛(ài)爾蘭一個(gè)奇怪的節(jié)日，山羊節(jié)，回來(lái)看選項(xiàng)，只有A符合上下文邏輯，是答案。

9、What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?【單選題】

A.retirement

B.advertisement

C.advancement

D.replacement

正確答案:C

答案解析:如果我還待在這干，我有升職的機(jī)會(huì)嗎？promotion指“提升，晉級(jí)”，和advancement的引申意義“晉升”是同義詞，A項(xiàng)指“退休”，B項(xiàng)指“廣告”，D項(xiàng)指“代替”，三項(xiàng)的干擾性不強(qiáng)。本題考查的是advancement的引申意義。

10、Intelligent Machines
1. Medical scientists are already putting computer chips (芯片) directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinson＇s disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us? Ray Kurzweil is author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world＇s best computer research scientists. He is researching the possibilities.
2. Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona; the virtual (虛擬的) hostess of Kurzweil＇s homepage, who is programmed to understand what you say. Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings.
3. Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a "seeing machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world", he explains. Blind people will use a visual sensor (探測(cè)器) which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensor will describe to the person everything it sees.
4. Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker. The listening machine will also be able to trans late into other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.
5. But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future, Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably won＇t be ready for at least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our minds will be able to live forever.
People without hearing problems may also be interested in using ____.
【單選題】

A.what you say

B.a pair of sunglasses

C.the listening machine

D.a visual sensor

E.who have disabilities

F.living forever in a computer

正確答案:C

答案解析:本題難度不大，針對(duì)第四段最后一句出題，考生可根據(jù)題干提示詞回到文章定位，找到第四段最后一句：The listening machine will also be able to translate into other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it。 回來(lái)再看選項(xiàng)，很明顯，答案是C。