2020年職稱英語考試《理工類》考試共65題，分為單選題和多選題和判斷題和計(jì)算題和簡答題和不定項(xiàng)。小編每天為您準(zhǔn)備了5道每日一練題目（附答案解析），一步一步陪你備考，每一次練習(xí)的成功，都會(huì)淋漓盡致的反映在分?jǐn)?shù)上。一起加油前行。

1、Breastfeeding Can Cut Cardiovascular Risk
Breastfeeding can reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke later in life and could prevent hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, researchers said on Friday.
Babies who are breastfed have fewer childhood infections and allergies and are less prone to obesity. British scientists have now shown that breastfeeding and slow growth in the first weeks and months of life has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease.
"Diets that promote more rapid growth put babies at risk many years later in terms of raising their blood pressure, raising their cholesterol and increasing their tendency to diabetes and obesity-the four main risk factors for stroke and heart attack." said Professor Alan Lucas of the Institute of Child Health in London.
"Our evidence suggests that the reason why breast-fed babies do better is because they grow more slowly in the early weeks."
Lucas said the effects of breastfeeding on blood pressure and cholesterol later in life are greater than anything adults can do to control the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, other than taking drugs.
An estimated 17 million people die of cardiovascular disease, particularly heart attack and strokes, each year, according to the World Health Organization.
Lucas and his colleagues compared the health of 216 teenagers who as babies had either been breastfed or given different nutritional baby formulas' They reported their findings in The Lancet medical journal.
The teenagers who had been ______ had a 14 percent lower ratio of bad to good cholesterol and lower concentrations of a protein that is a marker for cardiovascular disease risk.
The researchers also found that regardless of the child's weight at birth, the faster the infants grew in the early weeks and months of life, the greater was their later risk of heart disease and stroke. The effect was the same for both boys and girls.
"The more human milk you have in the newborn period, the lower your cholesterol level is, the lower your blood pressure is 16 years later, "Lucas said.
【單選題】

A.surveyed

B.interviewed

C.handled

D.breastfed

正確答案:D

答案解析:選項(xiàng)D是文章主題詞，因此成為答案的可能性較大。從句意看，該句講述“曾經(jīng)的青少年中壞膽固醇與好膽固醇的比率要低14%，而且他們的蛋白質(zhì)積聚也較低，而蛋白質(zhì)的積聚是患心血管疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高低的標(biāo)志之一”。文章主題是“母乳喂養(yǎng)能夠減少心血管疾病的危險(xiǎn)”，由此推測(cè)出現(xiàn)這種較好健康情況的人應(yīng)該是“母乳喂養(yǎng)的人”，因此答案是D。

2、Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind
If you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.
Sound Alert, a company ______ the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for blind people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Columbia. The alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from.
Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. "It's a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio," she says. "Its life-saving potential is great."
She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the door without a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.
Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms basedon the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.
The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up or down stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.
【單選題】

A.run by

B.changed by

C.decorated by

D.criticized by

正確答案:A

答案解析:我們知道Sound Alert是一家公司的名字，從語意上判斷應(yīng)該是由某人經(jīng)營，因此選擇A較為合適。

3、Weaving with Light
In the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico, the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did-without electricity. That's because it's too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live. To help support themselves, the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages. And without electricity, at home or on the road, they can only work during daylight hours. When it gets dark, they must stop whatever they're doing.
Now, a team of scientists, designers and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets. The scientists technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes, bags, or other items.
By collecting the sun's energy during the day, these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night. Their inventors have named the fabrics "Portable Lights," Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world, says project leader Sheila Kennedy.
"Our invention," Kennedy says, "came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States and move it into new markets for people who didn't have a lot of money."
At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high - brightness light - emitting diodes, or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions and streetlights.
LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs. Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights. Inside, electricity heats a metal coil to about 2,200 degrees Celsius. At that temperature, bulbs give off light we can see.
Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights, however, is heat and invisible. With all that wasted energy, bulbs burn out quickly. They are also easily broken.
LEDs, on the other hand, are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure. When an electric current passes through an LED, the crystal structure produces light. Unlike incandescent bulbs, they can produce light of various colors. Within an LED, the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determines what color is produced.
The Huichol don't use electricity because ______. 【單選題】

A.it is too difficult for them to change their lifestyle

B.they know nothing about it

C.it costs too much to string power lines

D.they don't need it

正確答案:C

答案解析:本題有一定難度，關(guān)鍵在吃透句意，答案依據(jù)比較明顯，帶著題干信息詞回文章定位，答案依據(jù)主要在文章第一段第二句：That's because it's too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live．談到將電力設(shè)施鋪設(shè)到山里投資巨大，string是引申意義，此處是“鋪設(shè)”的意思，回來看選項(xiàng)，C項(xiàng)和原文句意相符，答案是C。

4、Black Holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate. A black hole in the universe is not a solid object, like a planet, but it is shaped like a sphere (球體). Astronomers (天文學(xué)家) think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite (無限的) density (稠密).
This single point is called a singularity (奇點(diǎn)). If the singularity theory is correct, it means that when a massive star collapses, all the material in it disappears into the singularity. The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all, but an infinitely dense point. Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe. These are the reasons,
?No light or anything else comes out of black holes. As a result, they are invisible to a telescope.
?In astronomical terms, black holes are truly. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon (視界) only 18 miles across.
?The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trillion (萬億) miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still answers to be found, however, so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe. (2007年)
Black holes are part of space.
【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:A

答案解析:題干大意：黑洞是太空的一部分。用space回到原文定位，文中首段第三句提到：astronomers (天文學(xué)家) think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite (無限的) density (稠密). 天文學(xué)家認(rèn)為黑洞的中心是太空中的一個(gè)單一的無限密度的點(diǎn)。第二段第一句也有信息提到：This single point is called a singularity (奇點(diǎn)). 這個(gè)單一的點(diǎn)叫做奇點(diǎn)。故答案選A。

5、Dairy Price-fixing Scandal
Tesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers ￡270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least ￡80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsbury's and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over ￡116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.
Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formula. But the watchdog recognises that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.
The average cost to each household is thought to be ￡11.25 over 2002 and 2003, Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for consumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become sceptical of their claims. Farmers for Action, the group of farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim for compensation.
The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrisons and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed. Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defence of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: "As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyone. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers."
Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making "strong representations" in its defence. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the company was "co-operating" with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation.
Sainsbury's admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay ￡26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he was disappointed that the company had been penalised for actions meant to help farmers but recognised the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines and also said that its intention had been to help farmers under severe financial pressure.
The word "defiant" (line 3, paragraph 4) most probably means ______.
【單選題】

A.resisting

B.angry

C.deficient

D.confident

正確答案:A

答案解析:猜詞題。根據(jù)上下文可以看出，Tesco聲稱自己正在為自己的行為準(zhǔn)備最堅(jiān)決的辯護(hù)，可見其采取一種抵抗的態(tài)度，對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有resisting符合此意。