2021年職稱英語(yǔ)考試《綜合類》考試共65題，分為單選題。小編為您整理精選模擬習(xí)題10道，附答案解析，供您考前自測(cè)提升！

1、Geology and Heap(1)The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.(2)The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.(3)So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.(4)Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning(5)In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject too risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.(6)There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.Paragraph 6 ______【單選題】

A.No Evidence to Indicate Bad of Naturally Contaminated Soil

B.Potential Hazards of Human Contaminated Soils

C.Research an Channels of Heavy Metals Getting into Human Food Chain

D.Geology and Health Problems

E.Rocks----the Ultimate Source of Soil Pollution

F.Long-term Health Effects on Children

正確答案:C

答案解析:答案的依據(jù)是本段的第2句：Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body.

2、Fermi ProblemOn a Monday morning in July, the world\'s first atom bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert, Forty seconds later, the shook waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fezmi and his team stood. After a mental calculation, Fermi announced to his team that the bomb\'s energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed, but not surprised. Fermi\'s genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age. Since Fermi\'s death in 1954, no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist and a leading theoretician.Like all virtuosos (大師), Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct route to an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small, manageable bits talent we all can use in our daily lives.To develop this talent in his students, Fermi would suggest a type of question now known as a Fermi problem. Upon first hearing one of these, you haven\'t the remotest notion of the answer, and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it, Yet when the problem is broken into sub-problems, each answerable without the help of expert. s or books, you can come close to the exact solution.Suppose you want to determine Earth\'s circumference without looking it up. Everyone knows that New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference between them is three hours. Three hours is one-eighth of a day, and a day is the time it takes the planet to complete one rotation, so its circumference must be eight times 3000 0r 24000 miles. This answer differs from the true value, 24,902. 45 miles, by less than four percent.Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions. It doesn\'t matter whether the discovery is as important as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between New York and Los Angeles. Looking up the answer, or letting someone else find it deprives you of the pleasure and pride that accompany creativity, and deprives you of an experience that builds up self-confide. Thus, approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit that enriches your life.Fermi, an experimentalist as well as a theoretician, won a Nobel Prize for producing the first nuclear chain reaction in the world.【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:B

答案解析:文章第1段中提到Fermi在1938年獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，四年以后才成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了核連鎖反應(yīng)，所以題干的說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的。

3、Gun Rights in the USImmediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn (致哀) the dead. The president and the state governer both hurried there to share the grief. But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to own weapons.Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country here gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the few countries that seem unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it.In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted strict gun control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held hostage by the gun lobby (院外活動(dòng)集團(tuán)) and the electoral (選舉) system.The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun rights in the US, is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun control anyway. Over the years, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power, not ____, they prefer power.According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm (火器) incidents accounted for nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many people don\'t want to give up their arms they keep to protect themselves.Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said, "If one professor in the Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon, they might have been able to stop all this. "In his opinion, the massacre (大屠殺) is an argument for more people to carry weapons, not fewer.Americans\' clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of government, commented UK\'s Guardian newspaper.One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry a concealed (隱藏的) firearm, told the Guardian that it was every American\'s responsibility to have a gun."Each person," he said, "should not rely solely on the government for protection."【單選題】

A.either

B.both

C.each

D.one

正確答案:B

答案解析:本題有一定難度，需要認(rèn)真閱讀文章，理解好句意。文章此處是說(shuō)“要么為槍支控制發(fā)起活動(dòng)，要么就是贏得總統(tǒng)大選，不可能兩者都做到”，所以最佳答案是B。

4、His long - term goal is to set up his own business.【單選題】

A.idea

B.energy

C.aim

D.Order

正確答案:C

答案解析:他的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)是建立自己的公司。本題難度不大，是送分題，干擾項(xiàng)干擾不強(qiáng)，goal和aim都有“目標(biāo)”的意思，最佳答案是C。

5、Making Yourself a Good RecordIf you are an American and you think you might need to borrow money someday, the best thing to do is to start early.That\'s because just as many employers want to hire only people with experience, banks and other creditors are usually reluctant to lend to those without a proven track record of paying back, on time, the money they have borrowed.But if you need experience just to get a start, how do you get that start in the first place?With a little help from your parents usually, while you are still financially dependent on them. It is easy to get a credit card or student loan when you are in college, because banks figure your parents will bail you out if you fail to pay.So just as students take on internships to build up their resumes, one s university time can be a good time to work on another important personal record: the credit reportCredit reports are a summary of one\'s personal credit history, gathered by a credit reporting agency, or CRA.Banks, and companies including hospitals, landlords and insurance companies-regularly report to the three main CRAs in the US ______ how their customers are doing at paying back the money they owe.Anyone with a "legitimate business need" has the right to order individuals\' reports from the CRAs. Potential creditors usually compile the information in the reports into a credit "score", ranking the level of creditworthiness. Lack of experience in borrowing in addition to a bad record of doing so, can result in a low score.Even if you are not considering taking out a loan for such a large purchase as a home or car, your credit report can be important to getting through life. Landlords often ask for the reports to judge whether a person can be trusted to pay the rent. Credit checks are necessary for getting a credit card, even for purchasing a mobile phone calling plan.People can obtain a copy of their own credit report, usually at a cost of around US$ 8-9. Some consumer organizations recommend doing this once a year to allow one to catch any mistakes that have slipped into the records or, even worse, to find out whether any fraud has taken place. Though the system is controlled by laws meant to protect people\'s privacy, it isn\'t fool-proof. Sometimes people take out bad loads in others\' names, ruining their records.In a society addicted tocredit, that can be a disaster.【單選題】

A.by

B.with

C.in

D.on

正確答案:D

答案解析:空格所在的局部結(jié)構(gòu)是：report to sb. /sth. on向某人/某機(jī)構(gòu)匯報(bào)有關(guān)……的內(nèi)容。

6、The company has the right to end his employment at any time.【單選題】

A.offer

B.stop

C.provide

D.continue

正確答案:B

答案解析:題干大意：公司有權(quán)在任何時(shí)候解雇他。stop（停止）與end意義相近。offer:提供，提議；provide：提供，準(zhǔn)備；continue：繼續(xù)。

7、Migrant (移民的) WorkersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some countries have restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in workers from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction .Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (補(bǔ)償?shù)? advantage. For example, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely ______ challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.【單選題】

A.presents

B.accepts

C.takes

D.meets

正確答案:A

答案解析:空格所在句子的大意是：工作往往是復(fù)雜的，問(wèn)題很多，但是，這充其量是對(duì)工程師提出了挑戰(zhàn)，而工程師們倒是愿意解決問(wèn)題，而不愿意在自己的國(guó)家做一般性的工作?！皩?duì)……提出挑戰(zhàn)”用“present challenge”表達(dá)。

8、Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, and right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally, though a child\'s "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:B

答案解析:題干大意：兒童母語(yǔ)學(xué)得好的原因僅僅取決于他們的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。該問(wèn)題也是考查考生對(duì)事實(shí)的判斷。題干的說(shuō)法太絕對(duì)，所以判斷答案為“錯(cuò)誤”。其實(shí)此題的答案相關(guān)句在第二題中已經(jīng)涉及了。文章第二段的段首句給出了由兩個(gè)partly引出的理由，由此判斷問(wèn)題句“錯(cuò)誤”。

9、Migrant (移民的) WorkersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some countries have restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in workers from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major ______ .Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (補(bǔ)償?shù)? advantage. For example, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.【單選題】

A.role

B.difficulty

C.event

D.attraction

正確答案:D

答案解析:上一句中提到了動(dòng)詞attract，本題考查attract的名詞形式attraction。

10、The picture, even to his trained eye, seemed priceless.【單選題】

A.valueless

B.invaluable

C.useless

D.cheap

正確答案:B

答案解析:priceless:無(wú)價(jià)的、極其貴重的，和invaluable意思相同。而valueless和useless分別表示“不值錢的”、“沒(méi)用的”；cheap:便宜的。