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Did you ever wonder why it is that most people are "programmed" to sleep at night instead of during the day?

你有沒有琢磨過為什么大多數(shù)人都是“程序化的”晚上睡覺而不是白天?

If there\'s something about the cycle of light and dark that\'s telling us when to sleep, then shouldn\'t the sleep cycle of a blind person be different?

如果有某種關(guān)于光暗循環(huán)的(東東)告訴我們什么時(shí)候該睡覺，那么盲人的睡眠周期是否應(yīng)該不一樣呢?

As it turns out, many blind people—people with no visual perception of light at all—do have the same sleep cycle as sighted people.

事實(shí)證明，許多盲人——沒有任何光的視覺感知的人——同視力正常的人有著同樣的睡眠周期。

So now you\'re wondering, "How can this happen?"

所以你現(xiàn)在得尋思，“怎么能發(fā)生呢?”

The answer is: hormones, one hormone in particular. It\'s called melatonin.

答案是：荷爾蒙，特別是一種荷爾蒙。它叫做褪黑激素。

In sighted people, the level of melatonin goes up at night, or when it\'s dark, and goes down in the day, or when it\'s light.

在視力正常的人中，褪黑激素的水平在夜里或黑暗時(shí)上升，在白天或光線中下降。

It\'s believed that it\'s the presence of this hormone in the blood that gives us the urge to sleep.

人們相信是這種荷爾蒙在血液中的存在給了我們睡覺的迫切要求。

If an increase in melatonin level "programs" sighted people to sleep at night, then what about blind people?

如果褪黑激素水平的增加“程序化”了視覺正常的人在夜里睡覺，那么對(duì)于盲人怎么樣呢?

A researcher, named Dr. Charles Czeisler, tells about an interesting experiment.

一個(gè)研究者，名叫Charles Czeisler博士，講述了一個(gè)有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

He tried shining a bright light into the eyes of some blind people.

他嘗試把一束強(qiáng)光射入某些盲人的眼中。

When he did this, he noticed that the level of the melatonin in the blood of these subjects went down just as it would do for sighted people.

當(dāng)他這么做時(shí)，它注意到在這些實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的血液中的褪黑激素的水平下降了，正如對(duì)視力正常的人如此做一樣。

Somehow, the eyes of these subjects, even though they were damaged and had no visual perception of light, could tell their brain when there was more or less light.

不知何故，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的眼睛，即使它們被損壞了，并且沒有對(duì)光線的視覺感知，也能告訴他們的大腦什么時(shí)候有多或者少的光線。

Now, this doesn\'t work for all blind people;

哦，這并不適用于所有盲人。

in fact, most of Czeisler\'s subjects had no hormonal response to light at all.

事實(shí)上，大多數(shù)Czeisler的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象對(duì)光線根本沒有荷爾蒙的反應(yīng)。

Further research may be able to explain this sensitivity to light in terms of the type of blindness of the subject.

進(jìn)一步的研究也許能依據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的失明的類型來解釋這種感光靈敏度。

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