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考試形式

The Analytical Writing Assessment (AWA) consists of one 30-minute writing task called the Analysis of an Argument. In this section, you must read a brief argument, analyze the reasoning behind it, and then write a critique of the argument.

審題要求

The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper：

"The computerized on-board warning system that will be installed in commercial airliners will virtually solve the problem of midair plane collisions. One plane’s warning system can receive signals from another’s transponder—a radio set that signals a plane’s course—in order to determine the likelihood of a collision and recommend evasive action. "

Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion, be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.

審題步驟

1.     整理題目邏輯鏈：找到文章的結(jié)論和前提

 →結(jié)論：第1句;前提：第2句

2. 找到題目邏輯錯誤：默認(rèn)前提對，找到結(jié)論不成立的原因

(為達(dá)到均分4-4.5分需要至少找到2個邏輯錯誤)

→1)有可能飛機(jī)碰撞事故由飛行員操控失誤導(dǎo)致

 2)warning system只裝在了商用飛機(jī)上，而沒有裝在其他種類的飛機(jī)上，從而導(dǎo)致了碰撞事故

   3)可能是天氣因素導(dǎo)致飛機(jī)失控從而發(fā)生事故，與warning system無關(guān)

GMAT寫作解題策略

開頭段：1)總結(jié)題目結(jié)論，2)總結(jié)題目重要證據(jù)，3)指出題目邏輯有嚴(yán)重缺陷;

開頭段模板

Merely based on unfounded assumptions and dubious (suspicious) evidence, the statement draws a conclusion that_____. To substantiate (support) the conclusion, the arguer points out evidence that_____. In addition, he indicates that_____. (Furthermore, he cites the result of a survey in support of his recommendation). At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be convincing, but further reflection reveals that it omits some essential concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument. From my point of view, this argument suffers from 2/3 major logical flaws.

結(jié)尾段：再次指出文章邏輯有嚴(yán)重缺陷

結(jié)尾段模板

To sum up, this arguer fails to substantiate his claim that_____, because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. Therefore, if the argument had included the given factors discussed above, it would have been more thorough and logically acceptable.

正文段

分段落攻擊各個邏輯錯誤：6大類邏輯錯誤類型(調(diào)查數(shù)字類，因果，范圍，時間，類比，思考不全面)。

正文段必須包含的3要素：

1. 明確指出邏輯錯誤

2. 舉例子合理解釋為什么此邏輯錯誤能削弱作者結(jié)論

3. 總結(jié)

調(diào)查數(shù)字類錯誤

A. quantity of the sample 樣本數(shù)量不足

B. representativeness of the sample 樣本代表性不足

考試真題：摩托公司廣告

"Metro Motorcycle在social network website上面投放的廣告沒有效果，因為根據(jù)一個 survey，90% of the respondents表示they had never bought any specific products after watching ads on social network website. 同時advertising through television and radio can increase the sales of motorcycles. 去年在television and radio上投廣告以后，sales of motorcycle rose 15% in the city. 所以該market researcher suggests that the company discontinue advertising on social network and remove all the ads budget to television and radio ads."

模板例文

The number of respondents/samples itself does not ensure representativeness. For example, if 10000 people received the survey questionnaires and only 1200 people responded, then the remaining 8800 people who didn’t respond might buy the specific products after watching advertisements on social network websites，indicating that advertising on social network websites might be effective.Thus, this would render the result of the survey meaningless and the conclusion of this argument is unfounded.

A. percentage 百分比少基數(shù)

B. absolute number 絕對數(shù)字少對比

百分比少基數(shù)

考試真題：地鐵載客

說一個城市，為了解決 traffic congestion，想要提高地鐵 ridership。然后發(fā)現(xiàn)在一個 82 街道 invest 了很多很多錢，好多 millions，但是ridership 只上升了 15%。在 102 街區(qū) invest 一點(diǎn)錢，ridership上升了30%。這是過去五年的事情，說，為了 increase overall ridership 所以，所以應(yīng)該把 82 的剩下的錢，投入到 102 里面。才可以 most effective 地提升 ridership。

模板例文

The author fails to provide information regarding the absolute number of ridership at 82nd station and 102nd station.It is entirely possible that ridership at 82nd station might increase from 10000 to 11500, while ridership at 102nd station might increase from 100 to 130, indicating that the investment in 82nd station might be more effective.Thus, this evidence is far too vague to be meaningful and the conclusion of this argument is unfounded.

絕對數(shù)字少對比

考試真題：咖啡店feedback

一家名叫Hot Cup Cafes的customers service division的一篇report說:6個月以前，咖啡店在他們的website上弄了一個customer feedback page，希望可以接受suggestion 和 complaint。website address clearly printed on each receipt，所以customers肯定很容易找到。自從feedback page went online的六個月以來，我們只收到了178封complaint 和50封suggestion，然而我們serve了超過 300,000 杯咖啡。Clearly, most customers are satisfied with our current products and services, 我們不需要再繼續(xù) evaluate or improve現(xiàn)有的products and services了。

模板例文

The argument tells us the number of _the complaints received by Hot Cup Cafe__.However, the speaker fails to indicate the _number of complaints received by its main competitor_. It is entirely possible that _its main competitor also served 300000 cups of coffee and received only 5 complaints_, indicating that _Hot Cup Cafe should continue to improve its customer service___. Thus, this evidence is far too vague to be meaningful and the conclusion of this argument is unfounded.

綜合練習(xí)

OG-47. The following appeared as part of a column in a popular entertainment magazine:

"The producers of the forthcoming movie 3003 will be most likely to maximize their profits if they are willing to pay Robin Good several million dollars to star in it—even though that amount is far more than any other person involved with the movie will make. After all, Robin has in the past been paid a similar amount to work in several films that were very financially successful."

Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.